The English Führer: The brand new 2023 spy thriller from the bestselling author of THE MAN IN THE BUNKER

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Overy, Richard (1999). "Misjudging Hitler". In Martel, Gordon (ed.). The Origins of the Second World War Reconsidered. London: Routledge. ISBN 978-0-415-16324-8. In 1923, Hitler enlisted the help of World War I General Erich Ludendorff for an attempted coup known as the " Beer Hall Putsch". The Nazi Party used Italian Fascism as a model for their appearance and policies. Hitler wanted to emulate Benito Mussolini's " March on Rome" of 1922 by staging his own coup in Bavaria, to be followed by a challenge to the government in Berlin. Hitler and Ludendorff sought the support of Staatskommissar (State Commissioner) Gustav Ritter von Kahr, Bavaria's de facto ruler. However, Kahr, along with Police Chief Hans Ritter von Seisser and Reichswehr General Otto von Lossow, wanted to install a nationalist dictatorship without Hitler. [114] Brüning's austerity measures brought little economic improvement and were extremely unpopular. [143] Hitler exploited this by targeting his political messages specifically at people who had been affected by the inflation of the 1920s and the Depression, such as farmers, war veterans, and the middle class. [144]

Ghaemi, Nassir (2011). A First-Rate Madness: Uncovering the Links Between Leadership and Mental Illness. New York: Penguin Publishing Group. ISBN 978-1-101-51759-8. a b Winkler, Heinrich August (2006). "The German Catastrophe 1933–1945". Germany: The Long Road West vol. 2: 1933–1990. pp.38–39. ISBN 978-0-19-926598-5 . Retrieved 28 October 2011. Between 1939 and 1945, the Schutzstaffel (SS), assisted by collaborationist governments and recruits from occupied countries, were responsible for the deaths of at least eleven million non-combatants, [350] [336] including the murders of about 6million Jews (representing two-thirds of the Jewish population of Europe), [351] [g] and between 200,000 and 1,500,000 Romani people. [353] [351] The victims were killed in concentration and extermination camps, ghettos, and through mass executions. Many victims of the Holocaust were murdered in gas chambers, while others died of starvation or disease or while working as slave labourers. [354] In addition to eliminating Jews, the Nazis planned to reduce the population of the conquered territories by 30million people through starvation in an action called the Hunger Plan. Food supplies would be diverted to the German army and German civilians. Cities would be razed, and the land allowed to return to forest or resettled by German colonists. [355] Together, the Hunger Plan and Generalplan Ost would have led to the starvation of 80million people in the Soviet Union. [356] These partially fulfilled plans resulted in additional deaths, bringing the total number of civilians and prisoners of war who died in the democide to an estimated 19.3million people. [357]Robertson, E. M. (1985). "Hitler Planning for War and the Response of the Great Powers". In H. W., Koch (ed.). Aspects of the Third Reich. London: Macmillan. ISBN 978-0-312-05726-8. Published by Bonnier UK Audio , Zaffre https://www.bonnierbooks.co.uk/imprints/zaffre/ @ZaffreBooks Fromm, Erich (1977) [1973]. The Anatomy of Human Destructiveness. London: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-004258-0.

Fischer, Klaus P. (1995). Nazi Germany: A New History. London: Constable and Company. ISBN 978-0-09-474910-8. Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". [3] "Never in history has such ruination—physical and moral—been associated with the name of one man", he adds. [430] Hitler's political programme brought about a world war, leaving behind a devastated and impoverished Eastern and Central Europe. Germany suffered wholesale destruction, characterised as Stunde Null (Zero Hour). [431] Hitler's policies inflicted human suffering on an unprecedented scale; [432] according to R.J. Rummel, the Nazi regime was responsible for the democidal killing of an estimated 19.3million civilians and prisoners of war. [350] In addition, 28.7million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre of World War II. [350] The number of civilians killed during the Second World War was unprecedented in the history of warfare. [433] Historians, philosophers, and politicians often use the word " evil" to describe the Nazi regime. [434] Many European countries have criminalised both the promotion of Nazism and Holocaust denial. [435] Nazi official Hans Frank suggested that Alois's mother had been employed as a housekeeper by a Jewish family in Graz, and that the family's 19-year-old son Leopold Frankenberger had fathered Alois. [9] No Frankenberger was registered in Graz during that period, no record has been produced of Leopold Frankenberger's existence, [10] and Jewish residency in Styria had been illegal for nearly 400 years and would not become legal again until decades after Alois's birth, [10] [11] so historians dismiss the claim that Alois's father was Jewish. [12] [13] Early years Childhood and education Hoffman, David (creator, writer) (1989). How Hitler Lost the War (television documentary). US: Varied Directions . Retrieved 19 April 2020.Redlich, Fritz R. (2000). Hitler: Diagnosis of a Destructive Prophet. New York: Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-513631-9. Sometime in the 1930s, Hitler adopted a mainly vegetarian diet, [409] [410] avoiding all meat and fish from 1942 onwards. At social events, he sometimes gave graphic accounts of the slaughter of animals in an effort to make his guests shun meat. [411] Bormann had a greenhouse constructed near the Berghof (near Berchtesgaden) to ensure a steady supply of fresh fruit and vegetables for Hitler. [412]

Eingabe der Industriellen an Hindenburg vom November 1932"[Letter of the industrialists to Hindenburg, November 1932]. Glasnost–Archiv (in German) . Retrieved 16 October 2011. Regional Nazi Party leaders were called Gauleiter, " leiter" also meaning "leader". Almost every Nazi paramilitary organization, in particular the SS and SA, had Nazi party paramilitary ranks incorporating the title of Führer. The SS including the Waffen-SS, like all paramilitary Nazi organizations, called all their members of any rank except the lowest one a Führer of something; thus confusingly, Gruppenführer was also an official rank title for a specific grade of general. The word Truppenführer was also a generic word referring to any commander or leader of troops and could be applied to NCOs or officers at many different levels of command. Under the Nazis, the title Führer was also used in paramilitary titles (see Freikorps). Within the Party's paramilitary organizations, the Sturmabteilung (SA) and its later much more powerful offshoot, the Schutzstaffel (SS), " führer" was the root word used in the names of their officer ranks, such as in Sturmbannführer, meaning "assault unit leader", equivalent to major, or Oberführer, "senior leader", equivalent to senior colonel/ brigadier. The historian and biographer Ian Kershaw describes Hitler as "the embodiment of modern political evil". [3] Under Hitler's leadership and racist ideology, the Nazi regime was responsible for the genocide of about six million Jews and millions of other victims, whom he and his followers deemed Untermenschen (subhumans) or socially undesirable. Hitler and the Nazi regime were also responsible for the killing of an estimated 19.3million civilians and prisoners of war. In addition, 28.7million soldiers and civilians died as a result of military action in the European theatre. The number of civilians killed during World War II was unprecedented in warfare, and the casualties constitute the deadliest conflict in history. Hitler's suicide was likened by contemporaries to a "spell" being broken. [426] [427] Public support for Hitler had collapsed by the time of his death and few Germans mourned his passing; Kershaw argues that most civilians and military personnel were too busy adjusting to the collapse of the country or fleeing from the fighting to take any interest. [428] According to historian John Toland, Nazism "burst like a bubble" without its leader. [429] Lichtheim, George (1974). Europe In The Twentieth Century. London: Sphere Books. ISBN 978-0-351-17192-5.

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Bracher, Karl Dietrich (1970). The German Dictatorship. Translated by Jean Steinberg. New York: Penguin Books. ISBN 978-0-14-013724-8.