DC Comics OCT160335 Designer Series Bombshells Poison Ivy Action Figure

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Over-the-counter treatments for symptoms of poison ivy include external analgesics, such as benzocaine, pramoxine, and benzyl alcohol; protectants, such as zinc acetate, zinc carbonate, zinc oxide, calamine (a combination of zinc oxide, ferric oxide, mixed with phenol and calcium hydroxide), baking soda, and colloidal oatmeal; aluminum acetate (an astringent); hydrocortisone; Burow solution (an aqueous solution of aluminium triacetate); and oral diphenhydramine. 1 , 9 It is not advised to apply topical antihistamines (e.g., topical diphenhydramine) to the rash due to its potential to worsen the symptoms. 7 Unfortunately, while many of these OTC treatments might assist in drying out the weeping, oozing blisters associated with poison ivy, they often do not provide sufficient relief, especially in severe cases. 1 , 9 , 13 TCD places a financial burden on our economy and utilizes substantial healthcare resources. For example, outdoor occupations related to agriculture, forestry, and firefighting are at high risk of exposure to poison ivy, and when affected, these workers incur significant monetary expense for worker disability and medical treatments.TCD is responsible for 10 percent of the total US Forest Services lost work time due to injuries. 17 Treatment. The patient in this case report was one of approximately 500,000 cases of TCD reported each year in the United States. 17 The patient’s treatment with oral prednisolone prior to being seen by the dermatology clinic was typical but did not relieve his symptoms, nor did the calamine lotion or oral diphenhydramine. 1 , 13 Figure 11. Smooth sumac leaves have eleven to thirty-one leaflets. Note that the leaflets have teeth along the edges. Poison-ivy is a woody perennial. It may grow as dwarf, shrubby plants only a few centimetres high and carpeting the ground ( Figure 1), or as upright plants 60-90 cm (2-3 ft) high, or the vine-like form may twine around trees, shrubs and posts, and reach a considerable distance above the ground. These vines often develop root-like structures which act as attachments, but apparently do not damage the living plants to which they cling.

However, all of the herbicides which kill poison-ivy may also kill or damage other plants growing nearby. If poison-ivy is growing among perennial ornamentals, in a hedge, or entwined about a favorite tree, one must resort to cutting and digging to destroy it. Wear gloves and other protection while cutting and grubbing. Take care also to prevent other persons from being inadvertently contaminated by the tools, the roots, stems and leaves, or by the smoke if the material is burned (see section on Harmful Effects). For additional information on these and other herbicides, and on the selection, care and use of herbicide application equipment see Ontario Ministry of Agriculture and Food Publication 75, Guide to Weed Control. Harmful EffectsGladman AC. Toxicodendron dermatitis: poison ivy, oak, and sumac. Wilderness Environ Med. 2006; 17(2):120–128. Accessed September 4, 2020. [ PubMed] [ Google Scholar] In spring and early summer the young unfolding leaflets are reddish or bronzy green ( Figure 1, left side, below center) and droop or hang limply from the ends of their upraised petioles. Templeton D. Climate change is making poison ivy bigger and badder. https://www.post-gazette.com/news/health/2013/07/22/Climate-change-is-making-poison-ivy-grow-bigger-and-badder/stories/201307220149 22 Jul 2013. Pittsburg Post Gazette. Accessed 22 Sep 2020. Although the leaflets are somewhat oval, they vary greatly in shape and size. Their margins vary from perfectly smooth ( Figure 3A) to finely or coarsely toothed ( Figure 3D), to deeply and irregularly lobed ( Figure 3E). Undersides of the leaflets may be finely hairy all over, or just along the veins and veinlets, or may be virtually without hairs. Virginia creeper often has 5 or 7 leaflets in other leaves on the same plant and its berries are bluish.

Caution! Even at this stage take care as poisoning may be brought about by handling the dead plants. Individuals vary greatly in susceptibility to ivy poisoning and many have never suffered any ill effects. However, those in the latter category should not take for granted that they are immune for all time. Cross ReactivityThe increased atmospheric CO2 level caused by global warming not only promotes the growth of these plants (poison ivy and related plants thrive off of CO 2), but also cause the plants to produce more potent forms of urushiol. The number of these plants is expected to double again when atmospheric CO 2 levels, now at 410ppm, the highest in three million years, reach 560ppm. 3 , 16 Prevalence. Prevalance of poison ivy has doubled since 1960, and its potency is rapidly increasing, making this rash a common complaint in dermatology offices. Several factors contribute to this increase in prevalence: About 85 percent of people are allergic to urushiol, the oily compound responsible for the skin reaction. Urushiol is found in all parts of these plants. Simply touching the leaves may expose you to the oil, and additional oil is released when plant parts are crushed or damaged. The oil resists breakdown and may cling to clothing, tools, and pet fur for long periods of time, even a year or more. Exposure to the oil on these secondary sources can also cause an allergic reaction. Lofgran T, Mahabal G. Treasure Island, FL: StatPearls Publishing; 2020. Toxicodendron toxicity. StatPearls. Last Update: April 19, 2020. https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/books/NBK557866/ Accessed 17 Sep 2020. [ Google Scholar]