The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning author of Unsettled Ground

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Fundamental but difficult to define, the concept of "concept" was discussed for hundreds of years by philosophers before it became a focus of psychological study. Concepts enable humans and animals to organize the world into functional groups; the groups may be composed of perceptually similar objects or events, diverse things that have a common function, relationships such as same versus different, or relations among relations such as analogies. [44] Extensive discussions on these matters together with many references may be found in Shettleworth (2010) [1] Wasserman and Zentall (2006) [27] and in Zentall et al. (2008). The latter is freely available online. [45] Methods [ edit ] Infused with both surprise and recognition, The Memory of Animals looks at the impossible choices sometimes required for survival. Compelling. . . . Riveting. . . . long-time Fuller readers will relish this completely engrossing story, which questions what we value most. Cognitive bias is sometimes illustrated by using answers to the question " Is the glass half empty or half full?". Choosing "half empty" is supposed to indicate pessimism whereas choosing "half full" indicates optimism. To test this in animals, an individual is trained to anticipate that stimulus A, e.g. a 100Hz tone, precedes a positive event, e.g. highly desired food is delivered when a lever is pressed by the animal. The same individual is trained to anticipate that stimulus B, e.g. a 900Hz tone, precedes a negative event, e.g. bland food is delivered when the animal presses a lever. The animal is then tested by being given an intermediate stimulus C, e.g. a 500Hz tone, and observing whether the animal presses the lever associated with the positive or negative reward. This has been suggested to indicate whether the animal is in a positive or negative mood. [100] Perceptual categorization is said to occur when a person or animal responds in a similar way to a range of stimuli that share common features. For example, a squirrel climbs a tree when it sees Rex, Shep, or Trixie, which suggests that it categorizes all three as something to avoid. This sorting of instances into groups is crucial to survival. Among other things, an animal must categorize if it is to apply learning about one object (e.g. Rex bit me) to new instances of that category (dogs may bite). [1] [27] [45] Natural categories [ edit ]

The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning The Memory of Animals: From the Costa Novel Award-winning

a b Frasnelli, Elisa; Robert, Théo; Chow, Pizza Ka Yee; Scales, Ben; Gibson, Sam; Manning, Nicola; Philippides, Andrew O.; Collett, Thomas S.; Hempel de Ibarra, Natalie (2020). "Small and Large Bumblebees Invest Differently when Learning about Flowers". Current Biology. Elsevier BV. 31 (5): 1058–1064.e3. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2020.11.062. ISSN 0960-9822. PMID 33373638. Stebbins WC, Berkley MA (1990). Comparative Perception, Vol. I, Basic Mechanisms; Vol. II, Complex Signals. New York: Wiley. Fuller excels in examining the everyday moments at the heart of a life. . . . A memorable meditation on how the human struggle to survive in captivity is not so different than that of our animal kin.” Reader SM, Hager Y, Laland KN (April 2011). "The evolution of primate general and cultural intelligence". Philosophical Transactions of the Royal Society of London. Series B, Biological Sciences. 366 (1567): 1017–27. doi: 10.1098/rstb.2010.0342. PMC 3049098. PMID 21357224.

Book Summary

Simply and effectively structured in the time period before and after Day Zero, a pandemic of gargantuan devastation, the narrative asks important, resonant questions of life in extremis. How do we divide resources, how do we decide who is worthy of help, what do we do when society breaks down, when there’s no one left to monitor right and wrong? And underpinning all these questions, the most pressing one: in a world where everyone is struggling to stay alive, who gets to survive? Miller S, Konorski J (1928). "Sur une forme particulière des reflexes conditionels". Comptes Rendus des Séances de la Société de Biologie et de Ses Filiales. 99: 1155–1157. Neffy is a young woman running away from grief and guilt and the one big mistake that has cost her her career. When she answers the call to volunteer in a controlled vaccine trial, it offers a way for her to pay off her many debts and, perhaps, to begin to make up for the past. Bernardi G (2011). "The use of tools by wrasses (Labridae)". Coral Reefs. 31: 39. doi: 10.1007/s00338-011-0823-6. S2CID 37924172.

Animal cognition - Wikipedia Animal cognition - Wikipedia

a b Finn JK, Tregenza T, Norman MD (December 2009). "Defensive tool use in a coconut-carrying octopus". Current Biology. 19 (23): R1069-70. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2009.10.052. PMID 20064403. S2CID 26835945. Like Emma Donoghue’s Room, Fuller’s thoroughly immersive debut takes child kidnapping to a whole new level of disturbing. Eight-year-old Peggy Hillcoat suspects her father, James, has gone Continue reading »As noted above, the function of attention is to select information that is of special use to the animal. Visual search typically calls for this sort of selection, and search tasks have been used extensively in both humans and animals to determine the characteristics of attentional selection and the factors that control it.

The Memory of Animals by Claire Fuller, Hardcover | Barnes The Memory of Animals by Claire Fuller, Hardcover | Barnes

In no case is an animal activity to be interpreted in terms of higher psychological processes if it can be fairly interpreted in terms of processes which stand lower in the scale of psychological evolution and development. Henderson J, Hurly TA, Bateson M, Healy SD (March 2006). "Timing in free-living rufous hummingbirds, Selasphorus rufus". Current Biology. 16 (5): 512–5. doi: 10.1016/j.cub.2006.01.054. PMID 16527747. Taylor AH, Hunt GR, Medina FS, Gray RD (January 2009). "Do new caledonian crows solve physical problems through causal reasoning?". Proceedings. Biological Sciences. 276 (1655): 247–54. doi: 10.1098/rspb.2008.1107. PMC 2674354. PMID 18796393.

Dooling RJ, Okanoya K (1995). "Psychophysical methods for assessing perceptual categories.". In Klump GM, Dooling RJ, Fay RR, Stebbins WC (eds.). Methods in Comparative Psychoacoustics. Basel, Switzerland: Birkhäuser Verlag. pp.307–318. A cognitive bias refers to a systematic pattern of deviation from norm or rationality in judgment, whereby inferences about other individuals or situations may be drawn in an illogical fashion. A traditionally common image is the scala naturae, the ladder of nature on which animals of different species occupy successively higher rungs, with humans typically at the top. [161] [162] However, there is some disagreement with the use of such a hierarchy, with some critics saying it may be necessary to understand specific cognitive capacities as adaptations to differing ecological niches. [163] Some biologists argue that humans are not, in fact, the smartest animal, and that no animal can be characterized as the smartest, given that some animals have superior cognitive skills in certain areas. [164] [165] This contrasts with evolutionary psychologists such as John Tooby, who assess, based on the large list of related unique characteristics that humans do possess, that humans evolved to fill a unique "cognitive niche" and can fairly be characterized as the smartest animal. [166] From the award-winning author of Our Endless Numbered Days, Swimming Lessons, Bitter Orange, and Unsettled Ground comes a beautiful and searing novel of memory, love, survival—and octopuses.