Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict

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From war to peace: European Union accepts Nobel Prize". CNN. 10 December 2012. Archived from the original on 24 December 2013 . Retrieved 24 December 2013. millones de personas hablan español, cinco millones más que hace un año, y aumentarán a 754 millones a mediados de siglo". www.cervantes.es. Archived from the original on 13 May 2021.

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There are also recent articles about the concept's neglect of its defensive use. Since Nye's approach "mainly focuses on how to get others to do your bidding", some researchers argued that rising powers, such as China, are creating new approaches to soft power, thus using it defensively. [16]The Soft Power 30 - Ranking". Portland. Archived from the original on 2017-10-31 . Retrieved 2018-03-28.

Soft War” Interpreting “Soft War”

Faiola, Anthony (August 31, 2006). "Japanese Women Catch the 'Korean Wave' ". The Washington Post. Archived from the original on January 21, 2011 . Retrieved May 7, 2010. international relations in general and in the study of conflicts in particular, appearances are often misleading. As such, in contrast to the spectacle offered to us in tumultuous news cycles and the popular beliefs they convey, can we question the change in nature and the notion of war between major powers? Could war now marginalize the choice of weapons and turn the focus to other battlefields, ones that involve the strategies of soft power? The success of soft power heavily depends on the actor's reputation within the international community, as well as the flow of information between actors. Thus, soft power is often associated with the rise of globalization and neoliberal international relations theory. Popular culture and mass media are regularly identified as a source of soft power, [24] as is the spread of a national language or a particular set of normative structures. More particularly, international news was found crucial in shaping the image and reputation of foreign countries. The high prominence of the US in international news, for example, has been linked to its soft power. [25] Positive news coverage was associated with positive international views, while negative news coverage with negative views. [26] Brand Finance's Nye, Joseph S. (2011). The Future of Power. New York: PublicAffairs. ISBN 9781586488925– via Google Books.Doobo, Shim (2018). " "Efficacy of Korean Wave: beyond industry, beyond superpower." " (PDF). {{ cite journal}}: Cite journal requires |journal= ( help) Limited Credibility: Iran’s top-down approach and authoritarian system undermine the credibility and attractiveness of its message and have fueled corruption.61Iranian programming is dominated by official statements, weakening its objectivity. 62In addition, the bonyadshave been accused of substantial waste, inefficiency, mismanagement, and corruption. Bonyad companies compete with Iran’s private sector, though they have a significant advantage over private businesses because of their better political connections and favorable access to capital and tax exemptions. 63All of these weaknesses make Iran vulnerable to a U.S. and Western information campaign that highlights problems to populations in Iran and abroad. While there has been considerable focus in the United States on Iran’s military capabilities and activities, there has been far less attention devoted to Iran’s “soft power” and its efforts to expand influence. This brief focuses on Iranian soft power and asks: How do Iranian leaders view soft power? How does Iran attempt to export soft power? And what are Iran’s weaknesses? To answer these questions, this report compiles quantitative and qualitative information— some of which is new—on elements of Iran’s soft power. Constant, Linda (14 November 2011). "K-pop: Soft Power for the Global Cool". The Huffington Post. Archived from the original on 2 March 2018 . Retrieved 17 February 2013. Softly does it". The Economist. 18 July 2015. Archived from the original on 17 July 2015 . Retrieved 17 July 2015.

Soft War: The Ethics of Unarmed Conflict

Eliküçük Yıldırım, Nilgün; Aslan, Mesut (2020). "China's Charm Defensive: Image Protection by Acquiring Mass Entertainment". Pacific Focus. 35 (1): 141–171. doi: 10.1111/pafo.12153.However, its jang-e-narm strategy has several critical weaknesses: credibility problems (including corruption), the ability of Western governments and companies to identifyand target Iranian influence operations, low public opinion, and vulnerabilities from U.S. and other Western soft power. Iran’s state-run media organization is officially known as Seda va Sima-ye Jomhuri-ye Eslami-e Iran, which translates as “The Voice and Vision of the Republic of Iran.” But it is more frequently referred to as the Islamic Republic of Iran Broadcasting (IRIB). 11IRIB was established shortly after the 1979 Islamic revolution. Its logo, highlighted in Figure 1, shows two intertwined depictions of the Arabic word “ laa,”meaning “no,” which symbolize Iran saying “no” to the West (United States) and the East (Soviet Union). 12The IRIB’s charter emphasized the nascent Khomeini government’s goal of self-sufficiency, with principles that reference “the majesty and supremacy of Islam,” “the majesty of spirit of the Islamic revolution,” and “the embodiment of the policy of ‘Neither East, Nor West’ in all of the fields of politics, social affairs, culture, economics, and military.” 13

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Yano, Christine R. (2009). "Wink on Pink: Interpreting Japanese Cute as It Grabs the Global Headlines". The Journal of Asian Studies. 68 (3): 681–688. doi: 10.1017/S0021911809990015. Soft power has been criticized as being ineffective by authors such as Niall Ferguson in the preface to Colossus. Neorealist and other rationalist and neorationalist authors (with the exception of Stephen Walt) dismiss soft power out of hand as they assert that actors in international relations respond to only two types of incentives: economic incentives and force.The Nobel Peace Prize 2012 - European Union (EU)". Nobel Prize. Archived from the original on 14 December 2013 . Retrieved 24 December 2013.