Janeway's Immunobiology

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Paul Ehrlich advanced the development of an antiserum as a treatment for diphtheria and developed methods to standardize therapeutic serums. Antigen recognition leads ultimately to the induction of new gene synthesis by activating transcription factors Mucosa-associated lymphoid tissue is located in anatomically defined microcompartments throughout the gut In the early 1890s, Emil von Behring and Shibasaburo Kitasato discovered that the serum of animals immune to diphtheria or tetanus contained a specific ‘antitoxic activity’ that could confer short-lived protection against the effects of diphtheria or tetanus toxins in people. Casey Weaver is the Wyatt and Susan Haskell Professor of Medical Excellence in the Department of Pathology at the University of Alabama at Birmingham School of Medicine. He received his MD degree from the University of Florida. His residency and post-doctoral training were completed at Barnes Hospital and Washington University in St. Louis.

That these antibodies might have a crucial role in immunity was reinforced by Jules Bordet’s discovery in 1899 of complement, a component of serum that acts in conjunction with antibodies to destroy pathogenic bacteria.Rearrangement of the β-chain locus and production of a β chain trigger several events in developing thymocytes

T cells are specialized to recognize foreign antigens as peptide fragments bound to proteins of the major histocompatibility complex Chapter 15. Afterword: Evolution of the Immune System: Past, Present, and Future, by Charles A. Janeway, Jr Phagocyte ingestion of complement-tagged pathogens is mediated by receptors for the bound complement proteinsSystemic disease caused by immune complex formation can follow the administration of large quantities of poorly catabolized antigens The nonspecific responses of innate immunity are necessary for an adaptive immune response to be initiated

Most IgE is cell-bound and engages effector mechanisms of the immune system by different pathways from other antibody isotypesFuture studies of autoimmunity and graft rejection should allow control of immune responses to one's own body or to a piece borrowed from someone else Modulation of the immune system might be used to inhibit immunopathological responses to infectious agents NK cells possess receptors for self molecules that inhibit their activation against uninfected host cells Positive selection coordinates the expression of CD4 or CD8 with the specificity of the T-cell receptor and the potential effector functions of the cell Fully phosphorylated ITAMs bind the protein tyrosine kinases Syk and ZAP-70 and enable them to be activated