Black Sarawak Pepper from Malaysia, 200 g

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The Brooke family, later called the White Rajahs, set about expanding the territory they had been ceded. [55] Postal codes in Miri". cybo.com. Archived from the original on 4 March 2016 . Retrieved 23 July 2015.

The Bidayuh are a southern Sarawak people, [301] that were referred to by early European settlers as Land Dayaks because they traditionally live on steep limestone mountains. They account for 7.3 per cent of the population of Sarawak and are the second most numerous of the indigenous Dayak people, after the Iban. The Bidayuh are indigenous to the areas that comprise the modern day divisions of Kuching and Serian. Although considered one people, their language is regionally distinct resulting in dialects that are unintelligible to Bidayuh from outside the immediate locale, [302] [ failed verification] resulting in English and Malay being the lingua franca. Like many other indigenous peoples, the majority of the Bidayuh have been converted to Christianity, [138] Sarawak is served by a number of airports with Kuching International Airport, located south west of Kuching, being the largest. Flights from Kuching are mainly to Kuala Lumpur but also to Johor Bahru, Penang, Sabah, Kelantan, Singapore and Pontianak, Indonesia. A second airport at Miri serves flights primarily to other Malaysian states as well as services to Singapore. Other smaller airports such as Sibu Airport, Bintulu Airport, Mukah Airport, Marudi Airport, Mulu Airport, and Limbang Airport provide domestic services within Malaysia. There are also a number of remote airstrips serving rural communities in the state. [240] Three airlines serve flights in Sarawak, Malaysia Airlines, Air Asia, and MASwings all of which use Kuching Airport as their main hub. [246] The state owned Hornbill Skyways is an aviation company that largely provides private chartered flights and flight services for public servants. [247] Bintulu International Container Terminal (BICT) at Bintulu seaport Cheng, Lian (7 April 2013). "Why Sarawak is electorally unique". The Borneo Post. Archived from the original on 23 June 2015 . Retrieved 12 January 2016. For this reason, Sarawak held its state and parliamentary elections separately – and has been adhering to the practice since 1979 whereas all the other states still hold the two elections concurrently (see Table). Sarawak has a tropical geography with an equatorial climate and experiences two monsoon seasons: a northeast monsoon and a southwest monsoon. The northeast monsoon occurs between November and February, bringing heavy rainfall while the southwest monsoon, which occurs between March and October, brings somewhat less rainfall. The climate is stable throughout the year except for the two monsoons, with average daily temperature varying between 23°C (73°F) in the morning to 32°C (90°F) in the afternoon at coastal areas. Miri has the lowest average temperatures in comparison to other major towns in Sarawak and has the longest daylight hours (more than six hours a day), while other areas receive sunshine for five to six hours a day. Humidity is usually high, exceeding 68 per cent, with annual rainfall varying between 330cm (130in) and 460cm (180in) for up to 220 days a year. [137] At highland areas, the temperature can vary from 16°C (61°F) to 25°C (77°F) during the day and as low as 11°C (52°F) during the night. [141] but still live in villages consisting of longhouses, with the addition of the distinctive round baruk where communal gatherings were held. [138]Marshall, Cavendish (2007). World and Its Peoples: Eastern and Southern Asia, Volume 9. Bangladesh: Marshall Cavendish. p.1182. ISBN 978-0-7614-7642-9 . Retrieved 2 November 2015. Anthony Brooke". The Daily Telegraph. 6 March 2011. Archived from the original on 11 January 2022 . Retrieved 3 November 2015. Infrastructure development in Sarawak is overseen by the Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Transportation, successor to the Ministry of Infrastructure Development and Communications (MIDCom) after it was renamed in 2016. [229] Despite this ministerial oversight, infrastructure in Sarawak remains relatively underdeveloped compared to Peninsular Malaysia. [230] Around the time of Federation, overall literacy in Sarawak was quite low. In 1960, the overall literacy rate was 25%, with a heavy slant in the literacy rate towards the Chinese population, 53%, compared with that of indigenous peoples which was substantially lower, only 17%. [266] By 2007, overall literacy in adults aged 15 and over had significantly increased to 92.3% and in 2012, this had climbed to 96%. [267]

BBC.com's World's Table "smashes the kitchen ceiling" by changing the way the world thinks about food, through the past, present and future. During the Brooke era, Sarawak Malays were predominantly fishermen, [296] leading to their villages being concentrated along river banks. However, with the advent of urban development, many Malays have migrated to seek employment in public and private sectors. Traditionally, they are known for their silver and brass crafts, wood carvings, and textiles. [138] [299]BN retains Sarawak, Taib sworn in as CM". Free Malaysia Today. 16 April 2011. Archived from the original on 13 January 2015 . Retrieved 23 June 2014. Formation of Malaysia 16 September 1963". National Archives of Malaysia. Archived from the original on 7 March 2016 . Retrieved 8 November 2015. Ling, Sharon (14 February 2014). "Muhyiddin: Umno need not be in Sarawak". The Star (Malaysia) . Retrieved 23 June 2014. Sarawak State Anthem". Sarawak Government. Archived from the original on 7 September 2015 . Retrieved 12 January 2016. Note: Population data for Serian Division not including Siburan subdistrict which was formerly a part of Kuching Division.

a b Chan, Francis; Wong, Phyllis (16 September 2011). "Saga of communist insurgency in Sarawak". The Borneo Post . Retrieved 10 January 2013. The Rainforest World Music Festival is the region's primary musical event, attracting more than 50,000 people annually. [222] Other events that are held regularly in Sarawak are the Anugerah Seri Angkasa (ASA), ASEAN International Film Festival, Borneo Music Festival Live, Borneo Jazz Festival, Borneo Cultural Festival, and Borneo International Kite Festival. [220] Major shopping complexes in Sarawak include The Spring, Boulevard, VivaCity, Plaza Merdeka, City One, and AEON shopping malls in Kuching, [223] Bintang Megamall, Boulevard, Imperial Mall, and Miri Plaza shopping malls in Miri [224] and NAIM Bintulu Paragon Street Mall, The Spring, Boulevard Shopping Mall, Crown Pacific Mall, Commerce Square Mall, Times Square Megamall, and Parkcity Mall in Bintulu.A centenary celebration of Brooke rule in Sarawak was held in 1941. During the celebration, a new constitution was introduced that would limit the power of the Rajah and grant the Sarawak people a greater role in the functioning of government. However, this constitution was never fully implemented due to the Japanese occupation. [66] [59] [note 1] That same year saw the British withdrawing its air and marine forces defending Sarawak to Singapore. With Sarawak now unguarded, the Brooke regime adopted a scorched earth policy where oil installations in Miri were to be destroyed and the Kuching airfield held as long as possible before being destroyed. Nevertheless, a Japanese invasion force led by Kiyotake Kawaguchi landed in Miri on 16 December 1941 and conquered Kuching on 24 December 1941, with British ground forces retreating to Singkawang in neighbouring Dutch Borneo. After ten weeks of fighting there, the Allied forces surrendered on 1 April 1942. [67] Charles Vyner Brooke, the last Rajah of Sarawak, had already left for Sydney, Australia; his officers were captured by the Japanese and interned at the Batu Lintang camp. [68] Crowds throng a street in Kuching to witness the arrival of Australian Imperial Force (AIF) on 12 September 1945.