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An adjustable voltage supply mode allows the device being powered an ability to request intermediate voltages between 15V and up to the maximum available fixed voltage of the charger. Aside from the elevation of convenience, this USB 3.2 upgrade also brought about a wave in the technology industry best known as PD (Power Delivery) 3.0. What’s new with PD 3.0? Though not publicly documented, the voltage negotiation between device and charger has been reverse-engineered, and a custom voltage can be manually requested from the charger using a trigger circuit that simulates the negotiation to an end device. [2] [3] The primary goal of the project is actually in the software. [Ryan] found that existing software libraries for PD take up a lot of memory, and are difficult to integrate into small projects. Working from the PD specifications and PD PHY chip data sheet, he created a lighter weight and self-contained software library which consumes less than 8 K of flash and 1 K of RAM. This is less than half the Flash and RAM available on the ATmega32U4.
Before the Type-C interface appeared, the USB cable was only allowed to provide 2.5W of power, while the USB Type-C cable allowed the maximum power to be up to 5V/3A (15W). If the Power Deliver (PD) protocol is adopted, the voltage and current can be increased to 20V/5A (100W), which allows the power supply of large devices through the USB interface, such as charging a laptop with a large battery. USB PD3.0 (Power Delivery 3.0 ) is a power supply standard based on the USB Type-C interface. The maximum power supply can reach 100 W (watts). The connectors at both ends of the PD 3.0 compliant cable must be Type-C, which means that PD3.0 will not be applied to the common USB-A cable we used before, but only USB-C to USB-C Cable; With the popularity of the USB Type-C interface, more and more devices have begun to use the USB PD fast charging solution. For example: mobile phones, tablets, monitors, chargers, even lamps, electronic scales, small appliances, toys, etc. USB PD3.0 is only related to the power supply of the cable, and has nothing to do with the data transmission. Traditional USB-A charging cables can be only two wires, VBUS and Gound. However, a USB-C to USB-C cable that complies with PD 3.0 requires at least three wires, VBUS, Gound and CC (Channel Configuration). The CC wire can communicate and define the role of the power supply during the connection between the two devices. The USB Power Delivery (USB PD) Specification extends the USB functionality by allowing for more flexible power delivery and data transmission over a single cable. Its goal is to work with and expand upon the current USB ecosystem. Numerous portable electronics, such as cell phones, tablets, portable speakers, and other handheld devices, now use USB as a power source. To perform "traditional" USB functions, users require a USB to satisfy their data needs and power or charge the devices easily and frequently without the need to load a driver.Qualcomm can charge your phone faster than you can read this story". CNET . Retrieved 4 December 2016.
Created in the mid-1990s, USBs (Universal Serial Bus) are the general go-to standard for connecting devices, charging, and data communication. And with such a long running standard, it has been updated over the years with 2.0, 3.0, Micro-USB, and Type C versions (just to name a few). An experiment was conducted to compare charging times with fixed PDOs vs. PPS APDOs. The testing showed how PPS APDO chargers provide the ultimate user experience by delivering the fastest charging times for new PPS devices while continuing to support older (non-PPS) devices without a performance penalty. It also demonstrated the convenience of being able to use an existing fixed PDO charger to charge a new PPS device, albeit at a slower rate. If the source finds that it’s attached to a USB Type-C cable, it sends a Source_Capabilities message; a series of 32-bit power delivery objects (PDOs) specify each fixed voltage and maximum allowable current it can deliver. There are special battery charging standards over USB that can pump up to 25W of power into a device and standard USB-C can deliver up to 15W of power, assuming that the charger can provide 3A of current.PD is short for “power delivery”. The technology is capable of delivering up to 100 watts of power, far more than any smartphone requires. However, this high wattage has some significant advantages. For instance, it can be used to power laptops. Apple’s new MacBooks all use it, and can even be used while they’re charging. This means you’re getting much better performance than you’d expect from a standard USB cable.
Power direction is no longer fixed. This enables the product with the power (Host or Peripheral) to provide the power. The Power Delivery 3.1, released in 2021, is a significant update that enables the delivery of up to 240W of power over a fully functional USB-C cable and connector.user. PDPs are a revamp of Power Profiles that now tell the user what the power supply can deliver in Watts; a higher value means more power. A PDP is the highest nominal voltage times the nominal current reported in fixed Power Delivery Objects (PDOs). A new version of the USB spec puts additional demands on testing regimes that wring out power-handling options.
Take note that the differences between USB PD 2.0 and USB PD 3.0 don't lie in the power rules. The power rules of the two are in fact the same. All USB PD 3.0 devices work with USB PD 2.0 as well. However, this issue of compatibility is about to be a thing of the past with the introduction of the USB Power Delivery Specification. USB Power Delivery (or PD, for short) is a single charging standard that can be used all across USB devices. Normally, each device charged by USB will have their own separate adapter, but not anymore. One universal USB PD will be able to power a wide variety of different devices. PD 3.0 is a fast charging technology that was developed by the USB Implementers Forum. Because it’s an official part of USB technology, it can be supported by any manufacturer. No manufacturer has to pay extra licensing fees to incorporate PD 3.0 technology into their product. All they need to do is built the circuitry and the battery to the PD 3.0 specifications. The RAVPower PPS fast charger is designed for the iPhone 12 series and is MFi certified. Also, it has a total power output of 30W and 2 ports: a 20W USB-C port and 10W USB-A port. The USB-C port features PD 3.0 fast charging and can charge an iPhone 12 from 0% to 50% in about 30 minutes. The power adapter comes with an MFi-certified USB-C to Lightning cable. 3 RAVPower Chargers Which Support PD and QC Charging
Table 3 Charging times are compared between PD 3.0 and PD 2.0 ready mobile devices. Source: Infineon
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