Portrait (Lit Z)

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After Liszt settled in Weimar, his pupils steadily increased in number. By his death in 1886, there would have been several hundred people who in some sense could have been regarded as his students. August Göllerich published a voluminous catalogue of them. [n 16] In a note he added the remark that he had taken the connotation of "student" in its widest sense. As a consequence, his catalog includes names of pianists, violinists, cellists, harpists, organists, composers, conductors, singers, and even writers. To that end, Litz and his colleagues published a comprehensive paper on moral injury in 2009, outlining common moral struggles veterans were facing and proposing a treatment approach that involved making personally meaningful reparations for harm done. He noted, too, that not all “potentially morally injurious events” cause moral injury. If you kill someone, and you feel totally justified in having done so, you may not experience moral injury at all. Moral injury tends to turn up when you have a vision of the world as fundamentally fair and good and something you’ve done or witnessed destroys that vision. In February 1847, Liszt played in Kiev. There he met the Polish Princess Carolyne zu Sayn-Wittgenstein, who was to become one of the most significant people in the rest of his life. She persuaded him to concentrate on composition, which meant giving up his career as a traveling virtuoso. After a tour of the Balkans, Turkey, [41] and Russia that summer, Liszt gave his final paid concert at Yelisavetgrad in September. He spent the winter with the princess at her estate in Woronince. [42] By retiring from the concert platform at 35, while still at the height of his powers, Liszt succeeded in keeping the legend of his playing untarnished. [43] Construction of litz wires usually involves extremely fine wires often available with a silver plate or solid silver. The individual strands often make use of a low temperature lacquer coating that typically requires silver solder iron temperatures to melt – which is removed when making connections. The bundles of wires can also use silk outer insulation. In applications where multiple wires carrying the same current lie side-by-side, such as in inductor and transformer windings, a second similar effect called proximity effect causes additional current crowding, resulting in an additional increase in the resistance of the wire with frequency. In two wires running parallel next to each other, with the same alternating current flowing in both wires, the magnetic field of the adjacent wire induces longitudinal eddy currents in the wire which causes the current to be concentrated in a narrow strip on the side adjacent to the other wire. This has a similar effect as the skin effect; the current is crowded into a smaller cross-sectional area of the wire, so the resistance increases.

Litz wire is frequently found in power applications in frequencies ranging between lower tens to higher hundreds kilohertz, namely induction cookers and transmitters of inductive chargers (e.g. the Qi standard). Multiple parallel twisted strands of enameled wires can be found also in transformers in some switching power supplies. Liszt fell down the stairs of a hotel in Weimar on 2 July 1881. Though friends and colleagues had noticed swelling in his feet and legs when he had arrived in Weimar the previous month (an indication of possible congestive heart failure), he had been in good health up to that point and was still fit and active. He was left immobilized for eight weeks after the accident and never fully recovered from it. A number of ailments manifested themselves— dropsy, asthma, insomnia, a cataract in the left eye, and heart disease. The last eventually contributed to Liszt's death. He became increasingly plagued by feelings of desolation, despair, and preoccupation with death—feelings that he expressed in his works from this period. As he told Lina Ramann, "I carry a deep sadness of the heart which must now and then break out in sound." [63] See Berlioz's essay about Beethoven's Trios and Sonatas, in: Musikalische Streifzüge, transl. Ely Ellès, Leipzig 1912, pp. 52ff In 1873, on the occasion of Liszt's 50th anniversary as a performing artist, the city of Budapest instituted a "Franz Liszt Stiftung" ("Franz Liszt Foundation"), to provide stipends of 200 Gulden for three students of the academy who had shown excellent abilities with regard to Hungarian music. Liszt alone decided the allocation of these stipends.His birthplace is now a museum. Throughout his life, he claimed to be Magyar, rather than German, and referred to Hungary as his homeland. When later in his life he gave charity concerts in Hungary, he sometimes appeared wearing national dress ( Walker 1987, p.48). When the strand diameter is selected, the number to consider will depend on the acceptable current density in the windings of the magnetic devices. Even if the total copper losses and the hotspot temperature shall be determined afterward, some additional design rules can be preliminary applied to confirm a possible diameter of the final conductor to use (table 3). Figure 5.7δ Diameter Conductor shows an AC Resistance of twice the DC value.Image used courtesy of Bodo’s Power Systems[PDF] In spite of the conditions under which Liszt had been appointed as "Königlicher Rat", he neither directed the orchestra of the National Theatre nor permanently settled in Hungary. Typically, he would arrive in mid-winter in Budapest. After one or two concerts of his students, by the beginning of spring, he left. He never took part in the final examinations, which were in the summer of every year. Some of the pupils joined the lessons that Liszt gave in the summer in Weimar. [ citation needed]

This article will first summarize the well-known properties of Litz wire by highlighting special care and tips in its selection (part 1). The modelization approach of such conductors will be then discussed and the models available in FEA simulation tools will be compared. Eventually, a few words and references about the equivalent thermal conductivitythat can be assigned to a given Litz wire will be introduced to help in thermal simulation (part 2). Another parameter that will impact the overall diameter is the type of insulation. The following section will be dedicated to the presentation of the different technologies, possible application, and advantages of each.Wojda, Rafal P. (September 2016). Winding resistance and power loss for inductors with litz and solid-round wires. Power Electronics and Motion Control Conference (PEMC), 2016 IEEE International. IEEE. doi: 10.1109/EPEPEMC.2016.7752107. Sullivan, Charles R. (March 1999), "Optimal Choice for Number of Strands in a Litz-Wire Transformer Winding" (PDF), IEEE Transactions on Power Electronics, 14 (2): 283–291, Bibcode: 1999ITPE...14..283S, doi: 10.1109/63.750181

The composer Camille Saint-Saëns, an old friend, whom Liszt had once called "the greatest organist in the world", dedicated his Symphony No. 3 "Organ Symphony" to Liszt; it had premiered in London only a few weeks before the death of its dedicatee. See: Göllerich n.d., pp.131ff. According to Göllerich's note, his catalog was the most complete one which until then existed. See the letter by Berlioz to Liszt of 28 April 1836, in: Berlioz, Hector: Correspondance générale II, 1832–1842, éditée sous la direction de Pierre Citron, Paris 1975, p. 295. In addition to piano transcriptions, Liszt also transcribed about a dozen works for organ, such as Otto Nicolai's Ecclesiastical Festival Overture on the chorale "Ein feste Burg", Orlando di Lasso's motet Regina coeli, some Chopin preludes, and excerpts of Bach's Cantata No. 21 and Wagner's Tannhäuser. [89] Organ music [ edit ]

Introduction

Moral injury is a specific trauma that arises when people face situations that deeply violate their conscience or threaten their core values. Those who grapple with it, such as McGowan, can struggle with guilt, anger and a consuming sense that they can’t forgive themselves or others. Franz Liszt [n 1] (22 October 1811 – 31 July 1886) was a Hungarian composer, virtuoso pianist, conductor, and teacher of the Romantic period. With a diverse body of work spanning more than six decades, he is considered to be one of the most prolific and influential composers of his era and remains one of the most popular composers in modern concert piano repertoire. [1]