Jan Sobieski: The King Who Saved Europe

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And there is a deep complementarity between them. Wasserstein focuses primarily on the “Ostjuden” of what are now Ukraine and Poland, and Henderson further westwards on what becomes the Austro-Hungarian empire. In both we read of the attempts of Jews over the course of time to move into, across and ultimately away from what was long their geographical centre of gravity. The emperor replied that he would be willing to spare Thököly and other Hungarians as well as Evangelicals and Protestants residing in Hungary. He also believed that with the help of Christian troops, including Protestant and Evangelical troops, Hungary would regain the desired freedom. He also wants to entrust Hungarians with their churches and allow Evangelicals and Protestants to profess their religion and, at the same time, renew their privileges. No cleric will stop him from doing so, as long as he is the emperor. The Polish king also spoke about the matter and supported Thököly’s initiatives. The Turks, however, failed to defeat the Habsburgs and conquer the rest of Hungary. In 1682, an anti-Habsburg uprising broke out in the Austrian part of Hungary (Upper Hungary – today’s Slovakia). It was led by Emeric Thököly. The Turks, occupying the rest of Hungary, tried to take advantage of them, and after Thököly had committed himself to a fiefdom, the Ottomans prepared for a new excellent war expedition. Threatened by the invasion, Emperor Leopold I turned to Poland with a proposal to conclude a strategic alliance against Turkey. The next day, the king of Poland and Lithuania toured the entire city to see what was left of the enemy troops. Then he went to General Starhemberg, with whom he had dinner, having the Bavarian prince as a companion on his right and the prince von Anhalt on his left. The king joyfully declared during the meal that if he had been given to command again such a great army as he had commanded yesterday, the whole world would tremble for him. During the meal, the king of Poland had the opportunity to see the captured prisoners. They were, among others, noble lords who belonged to the court of the grand vizier. It was Jan III Sobieski who spoke Turkish with them. According to their words, the Grand Vizier Kara Mustafa, seeing the strength of the Christian army, wept, kissed his sons, and said to them: “Now I am lost.” His Majesty, the King of Poland received all the valuable possessions of the grand vizier, among others, his great gold shield set with diamonds, his horse with all his gear, and all his tents, and they were many of them.

Despite the victory of the Catholic allies, there was still tension among the various commanders and their armies. Sobieski demanded that Polish troops be allowed to have the first choice of the spoils of the Ottoman camp, as such German and Austrian troops were left with smaller portions of the loot. [53] Further, Protestant Saxons, who had arrived to relieve the city, were reportedly subjected to verbal abuse by the Catholic populace of the Viennese countryside. The Saxons left the battle immediately, without partaking in the sharing of spoils, and refused to continue the pursuit. [53] Ottoman military flag captured in the siege of Vienna Rod dosáhl vrcholu své síly a významu na konci 16. a počátku 17. století, kdy jeden z jejich členů byl zvolen polským králem ( Jan III. Sobieski). Poslední mužský člen rodu, byl Jakub Ludvík Sobieski, 1667– 1737) a b Şakul, Kahraman (2021). II. Vİyana Kuşatması Yedi Ejderin Fendi (in Turkish). İstanbul: Timas Publishing. p.391. ISBN 978-6050835663. After the War, the couple moved to Britain where Bernard Wasserstein was born in 1948. His close contemporary Kathy Henderson tells us about the Vienna-based Schindler and Schey families, linked as they were by her grandmother “Mutti”, the actress Anny Schindler who was a cousin of Mahler’s wife Alma. a b Stoye, John (2011) [2007]. The Siege of Vienna: The Last Great Trial between Cross & Crescent. Pegasus Books. p.175.

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The charge of winged hussars started at 6 pm, while the battle started in the morning. Different historians counts the overall number of cavalry that took part in it as more or less 20000 of horses, what makes the charge of John III Sobieski the biggest cavalry charge in history. This way the mentioned 3000 were only the heaviest, frontal part of the charge, which was supported by other Polish, Austrian and Bavarian cavalry forces under the command of Polish king. Drohojowska, Countess Antoinette Joséphine Françoise Anne; Salvandy, Achille (Count.) (1856). Love of Country, or Sobieski and Hedwig. Compiled and translated from the French (of N. A. de Salvandy, the Countess Drohojowska, etc.) by Trauermantel. Crosby, Nichols, and company. pp.87–88.

G. Platania, L’inedita corrispondenza di Jan III Sobieski e Carlo Barberini, cardinale Protettore del Regno, in Studia Wilanowskie, vol. XXII, pp.99–119, Wilanów-Muzeum Palacu Króla Jana III w Wilanowie. ISSN 0137-7329. On 11 November 1673, Sobieski added a major victory to his list, this time defeating the Ottomans in the Battle of Khotyn and capturing the fortress located there. [13] The news of the battle coincided with the death of King Michal the day before the battle. [13] This made Sobieski one of the leading figures of the state, so on 19 May the following year, he was elected monarch of the Commonwealth. [4] His candidacy was almost universally supported, with only a dozen or so members of the diet opposing him (mainly centered around magnates of the Lithuanian Pac family). [17] In light of the war, requiring Sobieski to be on the front lines, the coronation ceremony was significantly delayed – he was crowned John III almost two years later, on 2 February 1676. [4] [17] King of Poland [ edit ] Sobieski's coronation (1676), relief, Wilanów Palace In the United States, bagels arrived with the Eastern European immigrants of the late 19th-century, but didn't emerge from their mostly Jewish niche markets into the mainstream until the 1970s. That was the era when "ethnic food" became trendy, and it was also when an enterprising family named the Lenders began marketing their brand of frozen bagels—"the Jewish English muffin," they called it—to the masses through witty television ads. Some historians maintain that the battle marked a turning point in the Ottoman–Habsburg wars, a 300-year struggle between the Holy Roman and Ottoman Empires. During the 16 years following the battle, the Austrian Habsburgs would gradually influence and conquer southern Hungary and Transylvania, which was largely cleared of Ottoman forces. The battle is noted for including the largest known cavalry charge in history.

John III Sobieski, King of Poland

Kahraman (2021). II. Viyana Kuşatması Yedi Ejderin Fendi (in Turkish). İstanbul: Timaş Publishing. pp.232–233. ISBN 978-6050835663.