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L. Wartofsky, B.J. Ransil, S.H. Ingbar, Inhibition by iodine of the release of thyroxine from the thyroid glands of patients with thyrotoxicosis. J. Clin. Invest. 49(1), 78–86 (1970). https://doi.org/10.1172/JCI106225 Betadine
World Health Organization (2021). World Health Organization model list of essential medicines: 22nd list (2021). Geneva: World Health Organization. hdl: 10665/345533. WHO/MHP/HPS/EML/2021.02. Some cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis are self-limiting [ 4]. Guidelines for management of cases that do not resolve on their own are not clear. Itraconazole is the most commonly reported effective treatment. Amphotericin B, ketoconazole, voriconazole, and posaconazole have also been reported [ 5]. Treatment with surgical resection alone is controversial due to risk of further spread of the infection. Many cases of subcutaneous phycomycosis treated surgically ultimately need antifungal therapy [ 6]. A. Dugrillon, Iodolactones and iodoaldehydes--mediators of iodine in thyroid autoregulation. Exp. Clin. Endocrinol. Diabetes 104(Suppl 4), 41–45 (1996). https://doi.org/10.1055/s-0029-1211700
Can I use expired Betadine gargle?
Lugol's solution Drug Information, Professional. 1994. Archived from the original on 13 January 2017 . Retrieved 11 January 2017. Wolff-Chaikoff is the effect of iodide in normal mice which lead to an increase of intrathyroidal iodine concentration within 24–48 h and a subsequent decrease of thyroid hormone synthesis [ 27]. In healthy subjects there is an adaption to iodine excess by an autoregulatory mechanism within the thyroid, which serves as a defense against fluctuations in the supply of iodine and permits escape from the paradoxical inhibition of hormone synthesis that a very large quantity of iodine induces. Defective or absent autoregulation can occur in predisposed patients, as in those with euthyroid Hashimoto’s thyroiditis and in GD-patients treated with radioiodine or subtotal thyroidectomy [ 28]. Thus, these are more prone to develop hypothyroidism secondary to an iodine overload. Hyperthyroidism more commonly occurrs in iodine deficent subjects, and in patients with multinodular goiter. a b Preedy VR, Burrow GN, Watson RR (2009). Comprehensive Handbook of Iodine: Nutritional, Biochemical, Pathological and Therapeutic Aspects. Academic Press. p.135. ISBN 9780080920863. Archived from the original on 12 August 2017. Ask yourself this - what benefit would there be to Big Pharma if everyone became iodine replete? Or Vitamin D3 replete? Or any other vital nutrient?
and 10% ( wt/v) potassium iodide (KI) mixed in distilled water and has a total iodine content of 126.4mg/mL. The (nominal) 5% solution thus has a total iodine content of 6.32mg per drop of 0.05 mL; the (nominal) 2% solution has 2.53mg total iodine content per drop. Preoperative administration of Lugol's solution decreases intraoperative blood loss during thyroidectomy in patients with Graves' disease. [12] However, it appears ineffective in patients who are already euthyroid on anti-thyroid drugs and levothyroxine. [13] Potassium iodide renders the elementary iodine soluble in water through the formation of the triiodide ( I − It can be difficult to know where to get iodine but there are many foods with naturally-occurring levels of iodine. These include seaweed or sea kelp, fish, meat, cheese and many more. Subcutaneous phycomycosis is a rare fungal infection attributed to Basidiobolus ranarum, a fungus found in soil and in the intestines of amphibians and reptiles [ 5]. It thrives in warm, humid environments and thus most case reports have been reported in tropical Asia and Africa, though others have been reported in the Americas [ 2, 5]. While 90% of cases have been reported in individuals less than 20 years old, infection can also occur in adults [ 1, 4].Since 1 August 2007, the DEA regulates all iodine solutions containing greater than 2.2% elemental iodine as a List I precursor because they may potentially be used in the illicit production of methamphetamine. [11] Transactions of up to one fluid ounce (30 ml) of Lugol's solution are exempt from this regulation.
Excess iodine exposure can cause heart failure due to hypothyroidism, hyperthyroidism, or direct cardiac toxicity. Acute excess iodine exposure results in transient hypothyroidism termed the Wolff-Chaikoff effect and is thought to be mediated by thyroid peroxidase inhibition. Normal thyroid hormone synthesis resumes after a period of 24–48 hours, albeit with less sodium-iodide symporter expression [ 8]. Chronic hypothyroidism ensues in patients who are unable to recover normal thyroid hormone synthesis following the Wolff-Chaikoff effect. Patients with history of thyroid disease such as Hashimoto's thyroiditis or subacute thyroiditis may be less likely to recover. Similarly, patients who have undergone treatment with antithyroid medication, radioactive iodine, or hemithyroidectomy are also at risk [ 8].
Can iodine be absorbed through the skin?
Side effects may include allergic reactions, headache, vomiting, and conjunctivitis. [4] [1] Long term use may result in trouble sleeping and depression. [4] It should not typically be used during pregnancy or breastfeeding. [4] Lugol's iodine is a liquid made up of two parts potassium iodide for every one part elemental iodine in water. [8]
I do take her point that if symptoms persist, you need to reduce the iodine a bit. That makes perfect sense. J. Wolff, Iodide goiter and the pharmacologic effects of excess iodide. Am. J. Med. 47(1), 101–124 (1969) Iodine contributes to the normal production of thyroid hormones and normal thyroid function, is important for visual function and eye moisture and may contribute to preserve healthy hair, nails and skin as well as the normal functioning of the nervous system, cognitive function and metabolism. Yokoyama A, Hirota T, Omori T, Yokoyama T, Kawakubo H, Matsui T, Mizukami T, Mori S, Sugiura H, Maruyama K. Development of squamous neoplasia in esophageal iodine-unstained lesions and the alcohol and aldehyde dehydrogenase genotypes of Japanese alcoholic men. Int J Cancer. 2012 Jun 15;130(12):2949-60. doi: 10.1002/ijc.26296. Epub 2011 Sep 16. PMID: 21796615.
What is povidone iodine used for?
Remember that this medication has been prescribed because your doctor has judged that the benefit to you is greater than the risk of side effects. Many people using this medication do not have serious side effects. Readmission for congestive heart failure presumably due to iodine toxicity. Lugol's iodine was discontinued and furosemide, lisinopril, and digoxin were started. There isn't any benefit in urinating out a lot of iodine, as such. The iodine loading test, which measures how much iodine you're excreting, in theory shows how much you're absorbing - what doesn't get absorbed gets excreted. It is supposed to show how deficient you are - if you excrete almost none, you must be guzzling it up and are therefore deficient, if you excrete high levels, you aren't absorbing it and therefore, the theory goes, you are not deficient. P.H. Eng, G.R. Cardona, S.L. Fang, M. Previti, S. Alex, N. Carrasco, W.W. Chin, L.E. Braverman, Escape from the acute Wolff-Chaikoff effect is associated with a decrease in thyroid sodium/iodide symporter messenger ribonucleic acid and protein. Endocrinology 140(8), 3404–3410 (1999). https://doi.org/10.1210/endo.140.8.6893
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