Dionysus - Greek God of Wine and Festivity Statue

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Dionysus Eleuthereus, or the 'The Liberator,' Worship of the deity is thought to have spread during the rule of Peisistratus in the 6th century BC. Worship of the god was originally a rural festival in the ancient city of Eleutherae, in Attica. [3] This rural version of the festival was held in winter, during the month of Poseidon. Perseus Digital Library 4.0, ed. G.R. Crane. Athens, Theatre of Dionysos. Available at: http://www.perseus.tufts.edu/hopper/artifact?name=Athens%2C+Theater+of+Dionysos&object=Building. Accessed 28th December 2014 Bassareus, Βασσαρεύς a Thracian name for Dionysus, which derives from bassaris or "fox-skin", which item was worn by his cultists in their mysteries. [41] [42]

In addition to this, bulls were sacrificed at the temple in the Theatre of Dionysus at the end of the procession.

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The statue is a kouros, a type of free-standing statue of a naked young man that dates to the Archaic period of Ancient Greece. It was originally believed to pay homage to Apollo until the 1930s, when archaeologists noticed its beard and realized the figure was actually Dionysus. Mar-10 Jun, Australia, Canberra, National Gallery of Australia, Civilization: Ancient Treasures from the British Museum, cat. no.87 Settlement in the area is known from the Bronze Age. During the Hellenistic period, the city changed hands between the Kingdom of Pergamum and the Kingdom of Bithynia, before being bequeathed to Rome by the former in 133 BC. It continued to mint its own coins. Its monumental buildings date from the early Empire to the 3rd century. Temple of Zeus in Aizanoi. Credit: Dosseman , CC BY-SA 4.0/Wikipedia

The urban festival was a relatively recent invention. This ceremony fell under the auspices of the Archons of Athens, rather than the basileus, to whom religious festivals were given when the office of archon was created in the 7th century BC. [ citation needed] Pompe and Proagon [ edit ] The composition of this pediment is inspired by that of the eastern pediment of Olympia. The idea of simple "spectator" statues sitting on the exteriors and then of river gods was also borrowed from the sanctuary in the Peloponnese. [11] The western statues B, C, L, Q and perhaps W have been copied and adapted to adorn one of the pediments of the temple of Eleusis (smaller than that of the Parthenon), completed in the second century and representing the abduction of Persephone. [21] Archaeologists in western Turkey have uncovered an almost perfectly preserved terracotta mask depicting Dionysus, the Greco-Roman god of wine and ecstasy, reports Ahmet Pesen for the state-run Anadolu Agency.Wells, John C. (2000) [1990]. Longman Pronunciation Dictionary (newed.). Harlow, England: Longman. p.222. ISBN 978-0-582-36467-7. Aizanoi was an important political and economic center in Roman times; surviving remains from the period include a well-preserved Temple of Zeus, an unusual combined theater-stadium complex, and macellum inscribed with the Price Edict of Diocletian. The city fell into decline in Late Antiquity. In ancient Greek religion and myth, Dionysus ( / d aɪ . ə ˈ n aɪ s ə s/; Ancient Greek: Διόνυσος Dionysos) is the god of wine-making, orchards and fruit, vegetation, fertility, festivity, insanity, ritual madness, religious ecstasy, and theatre. [2] [3] He was also known as Bacchus ( / ˈ b æ k ə s/ or / ˈ b ɑː k ə s/; Ancient Greek: Βάκχος Bacchos) by the Greeks (a name later adopted by the Romans) for a frenzy he is said to induce called baccheia. [4] As Dionysus Eleutherios ("the liberator"), his wine, music, and ecstatic dance free his followers from self-conscious fear and care, and subvert the oppressive restraints of the powerful. [5] His thyrsus, a fennel-stem sceptre, sometimes wound with ivy and dripping with honey, is both a beneficent wand and a weapon used to destroy those who oppose his cult and the freedoms he represents. [6] Those who partake of his mysteries are believed to become possessed and empowered by the god himself. [7]

The Temple of Zeus, situated upon a hill, was the city’s main sanctuary. Ceramic findings indicate local habitation from the first half of the third millennium BC. Gisela M. A. Richter, "The Hermes of Praxiteles", American Journal of Archaeology (July–September 1931) vol. 35, issue 3, p.277-290.Bacchus was the Roman god of wine, fertility, and pleasure. He was known as Dionysus in Greece. This sculpture depicts him as a young man wearing a diadem (jeweled headband) and an ivy wreath crown. The young god holds a bunch of grapes over his head in his right hand and a drinking cup in his left hand. The grapes and the cup are objects that are associated with wine. BC – Ameipsias ( The Revelers) ; Aristophanes took 2nd place with The Birds; Phrynichus took 3rd place with Solitary But Hermes also served as the messenger of all the gods and was seen as the god of travelers and athletes because of his speed and physical fitness. Zancani, D. 1924. "Della testa di Dionysos del museo capitolino e del tipo statuario al quale appartiene." Bullettino della Commissione archeologica Comunale di Roma, 52: pp. 65–90, pl. 3. The son of an immortal god and a mortal princess, Dionysus’ role forged a crucial link between humanity and the divine, serving as a force of cyclical, unbridled nature who drew men and women out of themselves through intoxication. In that sense, Dionysus, a genial but wild and dangerously ravishing intermediary, represents one of the enduring mysteries and paradoxes of life.

Earlier this year, Iren and his colleagues discovered a 2,700-year-old Lydian kitchen cellar in the city’s acropolis. Per the Anadolu Agency, the researchers are now analyzing organic matter present in the soil surrounding the structure to learn more about the city’s cuisine. Modern followers of Hellenism celebrate Dionysia as a holiday and use a version of the Attic calendar to calculate it. [15] See also [ edit ] Metropolitan Museum of Art. 1991. "One Hundred Twenty-first Annual Report of the Trustees for the Fiscal Year July 1, 1990 through June 30, 1991." Annual Report of the Trustees of the Metropolitan Museum of Art, 121: p. 31–2. Statue of Bacchus was a major conservation project at the NCMA. Parts of sculptures from different time periods were used to create the current version of the statue. Its original right arm was missing, but the NCMA conservation team was able to fully restore the statue based on historical and scientific research. The pediments were very damaged by time and military conflicts. Considered the archetype of classical sculpture, or even the embodiment of ideal beauty, several of the statues were removed from the building by Lord Elgin's agents in the early nineteenth century and transported to the British Museum in London. Some statues and many fragments are kept at the Acropolis Museum in Athens. Other groups of sculpture, both reliefs at a smaller scale, from the Parthenon are the Metopes of the Parthenon and the Parthenon Frieze.Mastromarco, Giuseppe: (1994) Introduzione a Aristofane (Sesta edizione: Roma-Bari 2004). ISBN 88-420-4448-2 p.3 Wine, meanwhile, affects inhibitions and vision (think of the phrase “seeing double”), essentially creating a wilder second persona.