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In the last years, the treatment of different ovarian cancer cell lines with various concentrations of cocoa procyanidin-rich extract, inducing cytotoxicity and chemosensitization, showed a significant percentage of cells in sub-G1/G0 (hypodiploid) phase, which increased with increasing concentration, and a significant accumulation of cells in the S phase was seen [ 62]. This effect is probably due to an increase in intracellular levels of reactive oxygen species (ROS) [ 63]. In an animal study, a diet containing dark chocolate reduced the total number of aberrant crypt foci in the colon. The effect was associated with down-regulation in the transcription levels of both COX-2 and ReIA [ 64]. In addition, cocoa significantly decreased the tumor incidence and size in mice with colitis-associated cancer [ 65]. A series of beneficial effects on the cardiovascular system might occur following regular intake of cocoa-containing foods and beverages. Benefits include effects on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and vascular and platelet function [ 25].
We are a creative force, coming up with fun, quirky gifts for any occasion. To make the cut at the Quirky Gift Library, our products have to be as good on the inside, as they are on the outside. They must be something we would genuinely be happy to receive ourselves (or give a loved one) -And above all- be Quirky!Chocolate consumption was associated with lower risk of myocardial infarction and ischemic heart disease Habitual chocolate consumption was not associated with the risk of incident heart failure among healthy men and women
Recently, some studies have investigated the preventive or therapeutic effects of cocoa and cocoa constituents against obesity and metabolic syndrome [ 66]. Administering cocoa to rats decreased visceral adipose tissue [ 67]. DNA analysis conducted on the liver and mesenteric fat tissue provided interesting clues. In that study, the authors observed decreased expression of various genes associated with fatty acid transport and synthesis in the liver and mesenteric fat as well as increased expression of genes associated with thermogenesis [ 18, 67]. Our first ever product was a set of chocolate bars which we called The Chocolate Library range - and we haven't stopped designing new bars since. Today The Chocolate Library has over 1000 unique designs. We are excited to let you know that The Chocolate Library bar collection is about to get a whole lot bigger! You will soon see the work of some of the UK's most talented independent designers exclusively on our artisan chocolate bars - watch this space! In pigs, cocoa consumption, in addition to determining changes in metabolites in biofluids and tissues, as the increase in O-methyl-epicatechin glucuronide conjugates in serum, urine, and visceral adipose tissue, induced a significant increase of the abundance of Lactobacillus species from the casei group in feces and Bifidobacterium species in proximal colon contents [ 83]. Theobromine in cocoa was responsible for systemic and intestinal antibody concentrations and for modifying lymphocyte composition in young healthy rats There is evidences of some beneficial effects on the central nervous system, but larger, prospective studies are missing, so far.
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Sensitivity and recovery of epicatechin, procyanidins, and phenolic microbial metabolites after cocoa intake in human and rat urine
A prospective study in a large number of Japanese pregnant women also showed a lower risk of gestational diabetes in subjects in the highest quartile of chocolate consumption [ 53]. Write-Warning "Not disabling 'chocolatey.licensed' feed, as Chocolatey-License has not been installed." Chocolate diet-fed animals downregulated transcription levels of COX-2 and RelA and lowered the proliferation index
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Therefore, only dark chocolate, with high percentages of cocoa, flavonoids, and theobromine and low content of sugar, differently from milk chocolate or other types of chocolate, would be associated with health-promoting effects [ 11], including the prevention of cardiovascular disease. Similarly, cocoa induces positive effects on blood pressure, insulin resistance, and vascular function. It increases production of nitric oxide (NO) and has antioxidant effects, e.g., delayed oxidation of low-density lipoprotein (LDL) cholesterol and inhibiting ultraviolet-induced DNA oxidation [ 25, 26]. The Chocolate Library will comprise of over 400 new chocolate bars, ranging from A-Z, so whether customers are after something dark and sultry, heavily loaded with 70% cacao, a bean to bar (made from the producers who own the plantation) such as Willies Cacao, or just a plain bar of good old milk chocolate – Selfridges has the widest range of chocolate in the UK. Cocoa liquor proanthocyanidins inhibited mutagenicity of 2-amino-1-methyl-6-phenylimidazo[4,5-b]pyridine (PhIP) and rat pancreatic carcinogenesis in the initiation stage, but not mammary carcinogenesis induced by PhIP
Consumption of almonds alone or combined with dark chocolate under controlled-feeding conditions improved lipid profiles The characteristics of chocolate were long ignored in Europe owing to difficulties with an environment unfavorable to its growth. The natural habitat of the cocoa tree is the lower level of an evergreen rain forest. Cocoa plants respond well to relatively high temperatures (with a maximum annual average of 30–32 °C and minimum average of 18–21 °C) and generally high relative humidity: often as much as 100% during the day, falling to 70–80% at night [ 6]. According to the latest published data of the International Cocoa Organization (ICCO), the total world production of cocoa beans in 2016–17 was 4,739,000 tons, principally from Africa (3,622,000 tons) [ 7]. ChocolateyCentralManagementUrl = "https://chocolatey-central-management:24020/ChocolateyManagementService" At Christmas 2015 the demand for our chocolate sprouts became so high that it was impossible for our local chocolate supplier to make enough. This led to the decision in 2016 to invest in our own chocolate manufacturing facilities. Measurements of arterial spin labeling cerebral blood flow demonstrated an increase in blood flow after ingestion of flavanol-rich cocoa, suggesting its potential use for treatment of vascular impairmentCocoa and chocolate act as functional foods, since both carry a number of substances contributing to beneficial health effects. Chocolate combines some organoleptic characteristics with aphrodisiac and antidepressant properties, extending its effects beyond the cardiovascular system, metabolic diseases, CNS diseases, and psychological profiles. Tzounis et al. [ 79] conducted the first human-intervention study designed to investigate the influence of high cocoa flavanol intake on the growth of the human fecal microbiota. In particular, these authors assessed that the intake of 494 mg of cocoa flavonoids/ day for 4 weeks had a significant effect on intestinal microbiota growth. Self-Service Anywhere (more components will need to be installed and additional configuration will need to be set) - https://docs.chocolatey.org/en-us/features/paid/self-service-anywhere Therefore, the daily consumption of small quantities of flavonols from cocoa or chocolate, associated with a dietary intake of flavonoids, would constitute a natural and economic approach to prevent or potentially contribute to the treatment of T2D with minimal toxicity and negative side effects [ 47]. However, most commercially available soluble cocoa products or chocolates contain low amount of flavonols and are rich in sugar and calories. Therefore, high consumption of chocolate will induce paradoxical consequences, i.e., weight gain and impaired glucose homeostasis, especially in T2D patients and obese individuals [ 48]. Regular consumption of chocolate bars containing plant sterols and cocoa flavanols as part of a low-fat diet supported cardiovascular health by lowering cholesterol and improving blood pressure
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