GENUINE ALLIGATOR HEAD

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An average adult American alligator's weight and length is 360kg (790lb) and 4m (13ft), but they sometimes grow to 4.4m (14ft) long and weigh over 450kg (990lb). [10] The largest ever recorded, found in Louisiana, measured 5.84m (19.2ft). [11] The Chinese alligator is smaller, rarely exceeding 2.1m (7ft) in length. Additionally, it weighs considerably less, with males rarely over 45kg (100lb).

Hale, Amber; Merchant, Mark; White, Mary (May 2020). "Detection and analysis of autophagy in the American alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis )". Journal of Experimental Zoology Part B: Molecular and Developmental Evolution. 334 (3): 192–207. doi: 10.1002/jez.b.22936. ISSN 1552-5007. PMID 32061056. S2CID 211122872.a b Keenan, S. W.; Elsey, R. M. (2015-04-17). "The Good, the Bad, and the Unknown: Microbial Symbioses of the American Alligator". Integrative and Comparative Biology. 55 (6): 972–985. doi: 10.1093/icb/icv006. ISSN 1540-7063. PMID 25888944. Functioning salt glands: Crocodilians have modified salivary glands called salt glands on their tongues, but while these organs still excrete salt in crocodiles and gharials, those in most alligators and caimans have lost this ability, or excrete it in only extremely small quantities. [60] The ability to excrete excess salt allows crocodiles to better tolerate life in saline water and migrating through it. [60] Because alligators and caimans have lost this ability, they are largely restricted to freshwater habitats, although larger alligators do sometimes live in tidal mangroves and in very rare cases in coastal areas. [60] Oaks, J.R. (2011). "A time-calibrated species tree of Crocodylia reveals a recent radiation of the true crocodiles". Evolution. 65 (11): 3285–3297. doi: 10.1111/j.1558-5646.2011.01373.x. PMID 22023592. S2CID 7254442. American Heritage Dictionaries (2007). Spanish Word Histories and Mysteries: English Words That Come From Spanish. Houghton Mifflin Harcourt. pp. 13–15. ISBN 9780618910540.

Bondavalli, C., and R. E. Ulanowicz. 1998. Unexpected effects of predators upon their prey: The case of the American alligator. Ecosystems 2: 49–63.

Morgan, G. S., Richard, F., & Crombie, R. I. (1993). The Cuban crocodile, Crocodylus rhombifer, from late quaternary fossil deposits on Grand Cayman. Caribbean Journal of Science, 29(3–4), 153–164. "Archived copy" (PDF). Archived from the original (PDF) on 2014-03-29 . Retrieved 2014-03-28. {{ cite web}}: CS1 maint: archived copy as title ( link) The name "alligator" is likely an anglicized form of el lagarto, the Spanish term for "the lizard", which early Spanish explorers and settlers in Florida called the alligator. [2] Early English spellings of the name included allagarta and alagarto. [3] Evolution Alligators are raised commercially for their meat and their skin, which when tanned is used for the manufacture of luggage, handbags, shoes, belts, and other leather items. Alligators also provide economic benefits through the ecotourism industry. Visitors may take swamp tours, in which alligators are a feature. Their most important economic benefit to humans may be the control of nutrias and muskrats. [26] Crocodilian Captive Care FAQ (Caiman, Alligator, Crocodile)". crocodilian.com . Retrieved 2023-02-10. Alligator mississippiensis". alligatorfur.com. Archived from the original on 2016-03-05 . Retrieved 2016-05-01.

Hastings, A. K.; Bloch, J. I.; Jaramillo, C. A.; Rincon, A. F.; MacFadden, B. J. (2013). "Systematics and biogeography of crocodylians from the Miocene of Panama". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 33 (2): 239. Bibcode: 2013JVPal..33..239H. doi: 10.1080/02724634.2012.713814. S2CID 83972694. Like other crocodilians, alligators have an armor of bony scutes. The dermal bones are highly vascularised and aid in calcium balance, both to neutralize acids while the animal cannot breathe underwater [54] and to provide calcium for eggshell formation. [55]

Alligators and caimans split in North America during the early Tertiary or late Cretaceous (about 53 million to about 65 million years ago). [4] [5] The Chinese alligator split from the American alligator about 33 million years ago [4] and probably descended from a lineage that crossed the Bering land bridge during the Neogene. The modern American alligator is well represented in the fossil record of the Pleistocene. [1] The alligator's full mitochondrial genome was sequenced in the 1990s. [6] The full genome, published in 2014, suggests that the alligator evolved much more slowly than mammals and birds. [7] Phylogeny Dinets, V. (2010). "Nocturnal behavior of the American Alligator ( Alligator mississippiensis) in the wild during the mating season" (PDF). Herpetological Bulletin. 111: 4–11. a b "The IUCN Red List of Threatened Species". IUCN Red List of Threatened Species . Retrieved 2018-10-25.

Mark W. J. Ferguson; Ted Joanen (1982). "Temperature of egg incubation determines sex in Alligator mississippiensis". Nature. 296 (5860): 850–853. Bibcode: 1982Natur.296..850F. doi: 10.1038/296850a0. PMID 7070524. S2CID 4307265. Berlin WW2 bombing survivor Saturn the alligator dies in Moscow Zoo". BBC News. 23 May 2020 . Retrieved 17 July 2020.Reilly & Elias, Locomotion In Alligator Mississippiensis: Kinematic Effects Of Speed And Posture and Their Relevance To The Sprawling-to-Erect Paradigm The Journal of Experimental Biology 201, 2559–2574 (1998) Muja the alligator still alive and snapping in his 80s at Belgrade Zoo". Reuters. 15 August 2018 . Retrieved 17 July 2020. Species Profile: American Alligator (Alligator mississippiensis) – SREL Herpetology". uga.edu . Retrieved 17 November 2015. Although the alligator has a heavy body and a slow metabolism, it is capable of short bursts of speed, especially in very short lunges. Alligators' main prey are smaller animals they can kill and eat with a single bite. They may kill larger prey by grabbing it and dragging it into the water to drown. Alligators consume food that cannot be eaten in one bite by allowing it to rot or by biting and then performing a "death roll", spinning or convulsing wildly until bite-sized chunks are torn off. Critical to the alligator's ability to initiate a death roll, the tail must flex to a significant angle relative to its body. An alligator with an immobilized tail cannot perform a death roll. [31] Large male alligators are solitary territorial animals. Smaller alligators can often be found in large numbers close to each other. The largest of the species (both males and females) defend prime territory; smaller alligators have a higher tolerance for other alligators within a similar size class.