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The magi are also referred to in the Old Testament in the Book of Daniel, named for a Jewish prophet who lived between 620 and 538 BCE and was known for his skill in dream interpretation.
McMahon, Christopher (2008). "Introduction to the Gospels and Acts of the Apostles". In Ruff, Jerry (ed.). Understanding the Bible: A Guide to Reading the Scriptures. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 9780884898528. a b c The vitality of the Christian tradition by George Finger Thomas 1944 ISBN 0-8369-2378-2 pp. 110–112 To deal with this issue, Aquinas distinguishes between the person born and the nature in which the birth takes place. [85] Aquinas thus resolved the question by arguing that in the hypostatic union Christ has two natures, one received from the Father from eternity, the other from his mother in time. This approach also resolved the Mariological problem of Mary receiving the title of Theotokos for under this scenario she is the " Mother of God". [85] Ehrman, Bart D. (1993), The Orthodox corruption of scripture: the effect of early Christological controversies on the text of the New Testament, New York: Oxford University Press, ISBN 978-0-19-510279-6 Crossan, John Dominic; Watts, Richard J. (October 1999). Who Is Jesus?: Answers to Your Questions About the Historical Jesus. Louisville, Ky.: Westminster John Knox Press. pp. 11–12. ISBN 978-0-664-25842-9.Wansbrough, Henry (2009). "The Infancy Stories of the Gospels Since Raymond E. Brown". In Corley, Jeremy (ed.). New Perspectives on the Nativity. Bloomsbury. ISBN 9780567613790. Mary the mother of Jesus was betrothed to Joseph, but was found to be pregnant through the Holy Spirit. Joseph intended to divorce her quietly, but an angel told him in a dream that he should take her as his wife and name the child Jesus, "because it is he who will save his people from their sins". This would fulfil the prophecy that a virgin would give birth to a son, who would be known as Emmanuel, meaning "God is with us". Joseph awoke, took Mary for his wife, did not have intercourse with her until she had given birth to a son, and gave him the name Jesus (Matthew 1:18–25). [5] The journey of the Magi: meanings in history of a Christian story by Richard C. Trexler 1997 ISBN 0-691-01126-5 p. 9 But the ancient magi were not considered to be alchemists or magicians but men of wisdom and priestly status, who were likely to be followers of the Zoroastrian faith, skilled in the art of dream interpretation.
Peppard, Michael (2011). The Son of God in the Roman World: Divine Sonship in Its Social and Political Context. Oxford University Press. ISBN 9780199753703.
Brown, R.E. (1977). The Birth of the Messiah: A Commentary on the Infancy Narratives in Matthew and Luke. Doubleday & Company. Vermes, Géza (2006-11-02). The Nativity: History and Legend. Penguin Books Ltd. p.22. ISBN 978-0-14-102446-2. Ehrman, Bart D. (1999). Jesus: Apocalyptic Prophet of the New Millennium. Oxford University Press. ISBN 978-0-19-512474-3. In the Middle Ages the birth of Jesus as the second Adam came to be seen in the context of Saint Augustine's Felix culpa ("happy fall") and was intertwined with the popular teachings on the fall from grace of Adam and Eve. [61] Augustine was fond of a statement on the nativity by Gregory of Nyssa and he quoted it five times: "Venerate the Nativity, through which you are freed from the bonds of an earthly nativity". [62] He also liked to quote: "Just as in Adam all of us died, so too in Christ all of us will be brought to life". [62] [63]
Nolland, John (2005). The Gospel of Matthew: A Commentary on the Greek Text. Eerdmans. ISBN 978-0802823892. Gundry, Robert H. "Salvation in Matthew." Society of Biblical Literature – 2000 Seminar Papers. Atlanta: Society of Biblical Literature, 2000. One of the most visible traditions during the Christmas season is the display of manger scenes depicting the nativity, usually in the form of statues or figurines, in private homes, businesses and churches, either inside or outside the building. This tradition is usually attributed to Francis of Assisi [137] who was described as creating such a display at Greccio, Italy, in 1223 [138] [139] as related by St. Bonaventure in his Life of Saint Francis of Assisi written around 1260. [140] The Witness of Jesus, Paul and John: An Exploration in Biblical Theology by Larry R. Helyer 2008 ISBN 0-8308-2888-5 p. 282 Miller, Philip M. (2011). "The Least Orthodox Reading is to be Preferred". In Wallace, Daniel B. (ed.). Revisiting the Corruption of the New Testament. Kregel Academic. ISBN 9780825489068.In Farsi, the word magi comes from the word maga, meaning "to be great, magnanimous, liberal, generous", virtues that the famed magi appeared to display by taking their journey to Bethlehem.
In the 4th century, this uniqueness of the circumstances related to the nativity of Jesus, and their interplay with the mystery of the incarnation, became a central element in both the theology and hymnody of Ephrem the Syrian. For him, the uniqueness of the nativity of Jesus was supplemented with the sign of the majesty of the Creator through the ability of a powerful God to enter the world as a small newborn. [60] By the fourth century, an unnamed Syrian writer had named the three magi and placed them in different kingdoms; Hormizdah was the King of Persia, Yazdegerd the King of Saba and Perozadh the King of Sheba. Large houses at the time often had a manger in their room where the animals were kept. This was inside the house (rather than outside as a separate stable), so it’s similar to the image of millions of nativity scenes, but the circumstances probably weren’t as diffi
As the film closes, Mr. Maddens and Jennifer are shown decorating his house together for Christmas, reunited at last. Christian worship in Reformed Churches past and present by Lukas Vischer 2002 ISBN 0-8028-0520-5 pp. 400–401 A sixth-century fresco depicting the magi commissioned by Emperor Justinian at the Basilica of Sant'Apollinare Nuovo in Ravenna, Italy (Public domain)
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