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A percentile rank for the political stability of the top producing country, derived from World Bank governance indicators.
Soluble compounds ( gold salts) such as gold chloride are toxic to the liver and kidneys. Common cyanide salts of gold such as potassium gold cyanide, used in gold electroplating, are toxic by virtue of both their cyanide and gold content. There are rare cases of lethal gold poisoning from potassium gold cyanide. [215] [216] Gold toxicity can be ameliorated with chelation therapy with an agent such as dimercaprol. Newitt, Malyn (28 June 2010). The Portuguese in West Africa, 1415–1670: A Documentary History. Cambridge University Press. ISBN 978-1-139-49129-7. Aleklett, K.; Morrissey, D.; Loveland, W.; McGaughey, P.; Seaborg, G. (1981). "Energy dependence of 209Bi fragmentation in relativistic nuclear collisions". Physical Review C. 23 (3): 1044. Bibcode: 1981PhRvC..23.1044A. doi: 10.1103/PhysRevC.23.1044.
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What is artisanal gold and why is it booming?". reuters.com. Reuters. 15 January 2020 . Retrieved 24 February 2021. Omar, Sara (28 March 2014). "Dress". The Encyclopedia of Islam and Law, Oxford Islamic Studies Online. [ permanent dead link] University, Stanford. "Striking rare gold: Researchers unveil new material infused with gold in an exotic chemical state". phys.org . Retrieved 2 October 2023. about 1,943 degrees Fahrenheit). This makes melting gold extremely dangerous; raising the metal to such a high temperature, and then processing it, risks severe burns. Special equipment must also be used to hold the metal in its liquid form; typically a crucible and tongs made of a heat-resistant material are needed to handle these extreme temperatures. a b c La Niece, Susan (senior metallurgist in the British Museum Department of Conservation and Scientific Research) (15 December 2009). Gold. Harvard University Press. p.10. ISBN 978-0-674-03590-4 . Retrieved 10 April 2012.
Gold pentafluoride, along with its derivative anion, AuF − 6, and its difluorine complex, gold heptafluoride, is the sole example of gold(V), the highest verified oxidation state. [51]Since the 1880s, South Africa has been the source of a large proportion of the world's gold supply, and about 22% of the gold presently accounted is from South Africa. Production in 1970 accounted for 79% of the world supply, about 1,480 tonnes. In 2007 China (with 276 tonnes) overtook South Africa as the world's largest gold producer, the first time since 1905 that South Africa had not been the largest. [128] we have no spectroscopic evidence that [such] elements have truly been produced," wrote author Stephan Rosswog. Rosswog, Stephan (29 August 2013). "Astrophysics: Radioactive glow as a smoking gun". Nature. 500 (7464): 535–536. Bibcode: 2013Natur.500..535R. doi: 10.1038/500535a. PMID 23985867. S2CID 4401544. Au, which decays most often by electron capture (93%) with a minor β − decay path (7%). [26] All of gold's radioisotopes with atomic masses above 197 decay by β − decay. [27] Merchant, B. (1998). "Gold, the Noble Metal and the Paradoxes of its Toxicology". Biologicals. 26 (1): 49–59. d
Sim, Glenys (23 August 2011). "Gold Extends Biggest Decline in 18 Months After CME Raises Futures Margins". www.bloomberg.com. Archived from the original on 10 January 2014 . Retrieved 24 February 2021. Gold artifacts probably made their first appearance in Ancient Egypt at the very beginning of the pre-dynastic period, at the end of the fifth millennium BC and the start of the fourth, and smelting was developed during the course of the 4th millennium; gold artifacts appear in the archeology of Lower Mesopotamia during the early 4th millennium. [82] As of 1990, gold artifacts found at the Wadi Qana cave cemetery of the 4th millennium BC in West Bank were the earliest from the Levant. [83] Gold artifacts such as the golden hats and the Nebra disk appeared in Central Europe from the 2nd millennium BC Bronze Age. Gold is mentioned in the Amarna letters numbered 19 [86] and 26 [87] from around the 14th century BC. [88] [89] Recent research suggests that microbes can sometimes play an important role in forming gold deposits, transporting and precipitating gold to form grains and nuggets that collect in alluvial deposits. [71]Haber, F. (1927). "Das Gold im Meerwasser". Zeitschrift für Angewandte Chemie. 40 (11): 303–314. Bibcode: 1927AngCh..40..303H. doi: 10.1002/ange.19270401103. Guess what? Your microwave isn't just for popcorn. There are microwave furnaces that can melt gold too! They use microwaves, just like the ones that warm your food, but way stronger. These tiny furnaces are good for melting a little bit of gold, like your jewelry treasure. Valetkevitch, Caroline (1 March 2011). "Gold hits record, oil jumps with Libya unrest". Reuters. Archived from the original on 15 October 2015 . Retrieved 1 March 2011.
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