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See also: Spanish bilingual education in California Santa Barbara High School, one of the oldest high schools in continuous use in Southern California

Most of California's immigrant population are born in Mexico (3.9 million), the Philippines (825,200), China (768,400), India (556,500) and Vietnam (502,600). [230] Find sources: "California" – news · newspapers · books · scholar · JSTOR ( September 2018) ( Learn how and when to remove this template message) Main articles: Etymology of California and Island of California California and its namesake ruler, Queen Calafia, originate in the 1510 epic Las Sergas de Esplandián, written by Garci Rodríguez de Montalvo.Hart, James David (1987). A Companion to California. University of California Press. p. 315. ISBN 978-0-520-05544-5 . Retrieved March 16, 2013. a b "Introduction". Early History of the California Coast. National Park Service . Retrieved August 26, 2012.

Main article: Water in California Lake Shasta, in the Shasta Cascade region, is California's largest reservoir. About 1,102 school districts, independent of cities and counties, handle California's public education. [355] California school districts may be organized as elementary districts, high school districts, unified school districts combining elementary and high school grades, or community college districts. [355] Testimonios: Early California Through the Eyes of Women, 1815–1848. Heyday. 2006. p. 425. ISBN 978-1-59714-033-1 . Retrieved March 16, 2013.Wilson, Dotson; Ebbert, Brian S. (2006). California's Legislature (PDF) (2006 ed.). Sacramento: California State Assembly. OCLC 70700867. Archived (PDF) from the original on October 9, 2022. In 1849, a state Constitutional Convention was first held in Monterey. Among the first tasks of the convention was a decision on a location for the new state capital. The first full legislative sessions were held in San Jose (1850–1851). Subsequent locations included Vallejo (1852–1853), and nearby Benicia (1853–1854); these locations eventually proved to be inadequate as well. The capital has been located in Sacramento since 1854 [86] with only a short break in 1862 when legislative sessions were held in San Francisco due to flooding in Sacramento. a b Vic Tolomeo; Kelly Krug; Doug Flohr; Jason Gibson (October 31, 2012). "California Agricultural Statistics: 2011 Crop Year" (PDF). National Agricultural Statistics Service. United States Department of Agriculture. Archived from the original (PDF) on December 24, 2013 . Retrieved July 1, 2013. MLS has three teams in the state: the Los Angeles Galaxy, San Jose Earthquakes, and Los Angeles Football Club. Most of California's major rivers are dammed as part of two massive water projects: the Central Valley Project, providing water for agriculture in the Central Valley, and the California State Water Project diverting water from Northern to Southern California. The state's coasts, rivers, and other bodies of water are regulated by the California Coastal Commission.

ICYMI: California Poised to Become World's 4th Biggest Economy". California Governor's Office. October 24, 2022 . Retrieved October 26, 2022.In 2000, California, had 2,569,340 veterans of United States military service: 504,010 served in World War II, 301,034 in the Korean War, 754,682 during the Vietnam War, and 278,003 during 1990–2000 (including the Persian Gulf War). [365] As of 2010 [update], there were 1,942,775 veterans living in California, of which 1,457,875 served during a period of armed conflict, and just over four thousand served before World War II (the largest population of this group of any state). [366] Mexican California | Early California History: An Overview | Articles and Essays | California as I Saw It: First-Person Narratives of California's Early Years, 1849-1900 | Digital Collections | Library of Congress". Library of Congress, Washington, D.C. 20540 USA. Los Angeles Memorial Coliseum hosted the Summer Olympics in 1932 and 1984, and will also host in 2028. Team

Living in these diverse geographic areas, the indigenous peoples developed complex forms of ecosystem management, including forest gardening to ensure the regular availability of food and medicinal plants. [48] [49] This was a form of sustainable agriculture. [50] To mitigate destructive large wildfires from ravaging the natural environment, indigenous peoples developed a practice of controlled burning. [51] This practice was recognized for its benefits by the California government in 2022. [36] McNamara, Melissa (October 30, 2006). "California Is A Political Trendsetter". CBS News . Retrieved December 31, 2020. The administration of the state's court system is controlled by the Judicial Council, composed of the chief justice of the California Supreme Court, 14 judicial officers, four representatives from the State Bar of California, and one member from each house of the state legislature. Northern parts of the state have more rain than the south. California's mountain ranges also influence the climate: some of the rainiest parts of the state are west-facing mountain slopes. Coastal northwestern California has a temperate climate, and the Central Valley has a Mediterranean climate but with greater temperature extremes than the coast. The high mountains, including the Sierra Nevada, have an alpine climate with snow in winter and mild to moderate heat in summer. California has an idiosyncratic political culture compared to the rest of the country, and is sometimes regarded as a trendsetter. [369] In socio-cultural mores and national politics, Californians are perceived as more liberal than other Americans, especially those who live in the inland states. In the 2016 United States presidential election, California had the third highest percentage of Democratic votes behind the District of Columbia and Hawaii. [370] In the 2020 United States presidential election, it had the 6th highest behind the District of Columbia, Vermont, Massachusetts, Maryland, and Hawaii. According to the Cook Political Report, California contains five of the 15 most Democratic congressional districts in the United States.Although air pollution problems have been reduced, health problems associated with pollution have continued. The brown haze known as " smog" has been substantially abated after the passage of federal and state restrictions on automobile exhaust. [121] [122] The Greater Los Angeles Area is the second-largest metropolitan area in the United States (U.S.), while Los Angeles is the second-largest city in the U.S. Conversely, San Francisco is the most densely-populated city in California and one of the most densely populated cities in the U.S.. Also, Los Angeles County has held the title of most populous U.S. county for decades, and it alone is more populous than 42 U.S. states. [205] [206] Including Los Angeles, four of the top 20 most populous cities in the U.S. are in California: Los Angeles (2nd), San Diego (8th), San Jose (10th), and San Francisco (17th). The center of population of California is located four miles west-southwest of the city of Shafter, Kern County. [note 3] Several fast food, fast casual, and casual dining chains were also founded California, including some that have since expanded internationally like California Pizza Kitchen, Denny's, IHOP, McDonald's, Panda Express, and Taco Bell. Many sports, such as surfing, snowboarding, and skateboarding, were invented in California, while others like volleyball, beach soccer, and skiing were popularized in the state. Forsyth, Mark (2011). The Etymologicon: A Circular Stroll Through the Hidden Connections of the English Language. New York: Penguin Group/Berkley Books. p. 223. ISBN 978-0-425-26079-1.