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Carnosaurus 2:Special Uncut Version

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a b c Delcourt, Rafael (2018). "Ceratosaur palaeobiology: new insights on evolution and ecology of the southern rulers". Scientific Reports. 8 (1): 9730. Bibcode: 2018NatSR...8.9730D. doi: 10.1038/s41598-018-28154-x. PMC 6021374. PMID 29950661. Lawver, Daniel R.; Debee, Aj M.; Clarke, Julia A.; Rougier, Guillermo W. (January 1, 2011). "A New Enantiornithine Bird from the Upper Cretaceous La Colonia Formation of Patagonia, Argentina". Annals of Carnegie Museum. 80 (1): 35–42. doi: 10.2992/007.080.0104. S2CID 85015365. Gerardo Mazzetta and colleagues (1998) propose that the horns might also have been used to injure or kill small prey. Though horn cores are blunt, they may have had a similar form to modern bovid horns if there was a keratinous covering. However, this would be the only reported example of horns being used as hunting weapons in animals. [22] Jaw function and diet [ edit ] Skull cast, Dinosaur Discovery Museum, Kenosha, Wisconsin Three years later, a Carnotaurus was encountered by Claire Dearing's group, which had been sent to Isla Nublar to save the dinosaurs from the impending eruption of Mount Sibo. While one of the Carnotaurus was killed by Isla Nublar's T. rex, at least two individuals were successfully transported to the mainland. [5] The two Carnotaurus were subsequently released into the wilds of northern California along with all the other dinosaurs. [5] The type species Carnotaurus sastrei is the only known species, though it is related to other Abelisaurids from Madagascar, Argentina, India, and North Africa.

Though relationships within the Abelisauridae are debated, Carnotaurus is consistently shown to be one of the most derived members of the family by cladistical analyses. [AP] Its nearest relative might have been Aucasaurus [34] [35] [36] [37] or Majungasaurus. [38] [39] [40] A 2008 review, in contrast, suggested that Carnotaurus was not closely related to either genus, and instead proposed Ilokelesia as its sister taxon. [AQ] Juan Canale and colleagues, in 2009, erected the new clade Brachyrostra to include Carnotaurus but not Majungasaurus; this classification has been followed by a number of studies since. [34] [37] [41] Aside from size, the Carnotaurus' appearance is nearly accurate in most regards; as skin impressions are known from Carnotaurus, its appearance can be shown with relative confidence. Calvo, Jorge O.; Rubilar-Rogers, David; Moreno, Karen (2004). "A new Abelisauridae (Dinosauria: Theropoda) from northwest Patagonia". Ameghiniana. 41 (4): 555–563. Carnotaurus was made popular by the 2000 Walt Disney movie Dinosaur, where two of the theropods (likely male and female) were the main antagonists as they hunted down the main protagonists while they journied to the Nesting Grounds (originally this was supposed to have been Tyrannosaurus rex, but at the last minute they were replaced by Carnotaurus, who were also inaccurately shown to have been T. rex-sized). File:TNCarnotaurus.jpg Original storyboards also indicate that the Carnotaurs were responsible for the deaths of the discarded characters that were Noah's (an old name concept for Aladar) grandparents. The creatures also were originally given a much more uncanny role as almost a dinosaur Grim Reaper, some notes saying they'd almost never vocalize and have a habit of sneaking up on characters.

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The snout of the Disney Carnotaurus is much more prolonged and broader than the snout of the Carnotaurus in real life which is often compared to that of a bulldog as well as more robust. Glut, Donald F. (1997). " Carnotaurus". Dinosaurs, the encyclopedia. Jefferson, North Carolina: McFarland & Company, Inc. Publishers. pp. 256–259. ISBN 978-0-375-82419-7. Toro was meant to appear in Jurassic World: Dominion in place of the Carnotaurus with the broken horn, however, the executive producer of Camp Cretaceous, Scott Kreamer said that it didn't fit well in the story, and Toro was sadly cut from the film. This was confirmed in an interview with Scott and youtuber, Swrve. [9] As in other dinosaurs, the skull was perforated by six major skull openings on each side. The frontmost of these openings, the external naris (bony nostril), was subrectangular and directed sidewards and forwards, but was not sloping in side view as in some other ceratosaurs such as Ceratosaurus. This opening was formed by the nasal and premaxilla only, while in some related ceratosaurs the maxilla also contributed to this opening. Between the bony nostril and the orbit (eye opening) was the antorbital fenestra. In Carnotaurus, this opening was higher than long, while it was longer than high in related forms such as Skorpiovenator and Majungasaurus. The antorbital fenestra was bounded by a larger depression, the antorbital fossa, which was formed by recessed parts of the maxilla in front and the lacrimal behind. As in all abelisaurids, this depression was small in Carnotaurus. The lower front corner of the antorbital fossa contained a smaller opening, the promaxillary fenestra, which led into an air-filled cavity within the maxilla. [1] The eye was situated in the upper part of the keyhole-shaped orbit. [X] This upper part was proportionally small and subcircular, and separated from the lower part of the orbit by the forward-projecting postorbital bone. [1] It was slightly rotated forward, probably permitting some degree of binocular vision. [Y] The keyhole-like shape of the orbit was possibly related to the marked skull shortening, and is also found in related short-snouted abelisaurids. [1] As in all abelisaurids, the frontal bone (on the skull roof between the eyes) was excluded from the orbit. Behind the orbit were two openings, the infratemporal fenestra on the side and the supratemporal fenestra on the top of the skull. The infratemporal fenestra was tall, short, and kidney-shaped, while the supratemporal fenestra was short and square-shaped. Another opening, the mandibular fenestra, was located in the lower jaw – in Carnotaurus, this opening was comparatively large. [1] Schematic diagram of reconstructed skull a b c d e Pascual, Rosendo; Goin, Francisco J.; González, Pablo; Ardolino, Alberto; Puerta, Pablo F. (2000). "A highly derived docodont from the Patagonian Late Cretaceous: evolutionary implications for Gondwanan mammals". Geodiversitas. 22 (3): 395–414.

Carnotaurus lived in what is now Argentina in La Colonia Formation of South America, around 70 million years ago, preferring the warmth and humidity of this environment which consisted of lakes, lagoons, estuaries, tidal flats or coastal plains with a seasonal both dry and humid climate depending on the period. It lived alongside various species of dinosaur as well as turtles, crocodiles, plesiosaurs, lizards, snakes and mammals, using its powerful hind legs to catch smaller prey such as Niebla antiqua. Many animals have vestigial features, including humans. For example, you still have a tailbone in your skeleton, even though you don't have a tail! Could Carnotaurus camouflage itself?The theory that carnotaurus was covered in robust, crocodile-like scales was disputed in 2021 upon examination of the skin impressions showing that the larger scales would have been randomly distributed with the scales overall resembling more typical avian or lizard-like scales. Another inaccuracy is that while the Carnotaurs in the movie are very big, bulky animals, the real-life Carnotaurus was a very slim animal, almost like a cheetah with long, gracile legs. a b c Canale, Juan I.; Scanferla, Carlos A.; Agnolin, Federico; Novas, Fernando E. (2009). "New carnivorous dinosaur from the Late Cretaceous of NW Patagonia and the evolution of abelisaurid theropods". Naturwissenschaften. 96 (3): 409–14. Bibcode: 2009NW.....96..409C. doi: 10.1007/s00114-008-0487-4. hdl: 11336/52024. PMID 19057888. S2CID 23619863. a b Coria, Rodolfo A.; Chiappe, Luis M.; Dingus, Lowell (2002). "A new close relative of Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte 1985 (Theropoda: Abelisauridae) from the Late Cretaceous of Patagonia". Journal of Vertebrate Paleontology. 22 (2): 460. doi: 10.1671/0272-4634(2002)022[0460:ANCROC]2.0.CO;2. S2CID 131148538. It is conceivable that once Toro recovers from his physical injuries, he may continue to pursue the campers in his hunt. Without the protection of Bumpy, the campers may face increased risk.

In the Jurassic Park Adventures book series, Carnotaurus was one of the dinosaurs recreated by InGen that soon went wild on Isla Sorna when the workers fled the island due to Hurricane Clarissa. a b Candeiro, Carlos Roberto dos Anjos; Martinelli, Agustín Guillermo. "Abelisauroidea and carchardontosauridae (theropoda, dinosauria) in the cretaceous of south america. Paleogeographical and geocronological implications". Uberlândia. 17 (33): 5–19. Mazzetta, Gerardo V.; Farina, Richard A. (1999). "Estimacion de la capacidad atlética de Amargasaurus cazaui Salgado y Bonaparte, 1991, y Carnotaurus sastrei Bonaparte, 1985 (Saurischia, Sauropoda-Theropoda)". XIV Jornadas Argentinas de Paleontologia de Vertebrados, Ameghiniana (in Spanish). 36 (1): 105–106.

Notable Individuals

A Carnotaurus appears in Life After Dinosaurs where it is inaccurately shown as a predator of Edmontonia (which lived in North America) and Saltasaurus. File:PCCarnotaurus.jpg a b c d e Persons, W.S.; Currie, P.J. (2011). Farke, Andrew Allen (ed.). "Dinosaur Speed Demon: The caudal musculature of Carnotaurus sastrei and implications for the evolution of South American abelisaurids". PLOS ONE. 6 (10): e25763. Bibcode: 2011PLoSO...625763P. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0025763. PMC 3197156. PMID 22043292.

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