Crystallization

Product Information

Mezghani K, Phillips PJ (1997) The gamma-phase of high molecular weight isotactic polypropylene. 2. The morphology of the gamma-form crystallized at 200 MPa. Polymer 38(23):5725–5733. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(97)00131-6 Hamad FG, Colby RH, Milner ST (2015) Lifetime of flow-induced precursors in isotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules 48(19):7286–7299. https://doi.org/10.1021/acs.macromol.5b01408

Piccarolo S, Saiu M, Brucato V et al (1992) Crystallization of polymer melts under fast cooling. 2. High-purity IPP. J Appl Polym Sci 46(4):625–634. https://doi.org/10.1002/app.1992.070460409 Step 5: After some time there will be a point at which no more sugar can be dissolved in water. This stage is the saturation point, and the solution is referred to as a saturated solution Clark EJ, Hoffman JD (1984) Regime-III crystallization in polypropylene. Macromolecules 17(4):878–885. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma00134a058 Wang X, Hou WM, Zhou JJ et al (2007) Melting behavior of lamellae of isotactic polypropylene studied using hot-stage atomic force microscopy. Colloid Polym Sci 285(4):449–455. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00396-006-1586-4 DiMarzio EA, Guttman CM, Hoffman JD (1979) Is crystallization from the melt controlled by melt viscosity and entanglement effects. Faraday Discuss 68:210–217. https://doi.org/10.1039/dc9796800210

Summary

Hoffman JD (1982) Role of reptation in the rate of crystallization of polyethylene fractions from the melt. Polymer 23(5):656–670. https://doi.org/10.1016/0032-3861(82)90048-9

Supaphol P, Spruiell JE (2000) Regime crystallization in syndiotactic polypropylenes: re-evaluation of the literature data. Polymer 41(3):1205–1216. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(99)00254-2 De Rosa C, Auriemma F, Vinti V, Galimberti M (1998) Equilibrium melting temperature of syndiotactic polypropylene. Macromolecules 31(18):6206–6210. https://doi.org/10.1021/ma9805248 Hoffman JD, Frolen LJ, Ross GS et al (1975) Growth-rate of spherulites and axialites from melt in polyethylene fractions—regime-1 and regime-2 crystallization. J Res Nat Bur Stan Sect A Phys Chem 79(6):671–699. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.079A.026

Crystallization Examples

We next consider the state of the liquid phase during crystallization processes. The solution is said to be supersaturated with respect to the crystallizing compound, meaning the solute concentration is higher than the solid–liquid equilibrium value. The degree of supersaturation is important because it is the driving force for the elementary rate processes of crystallization, such as nucleation and crystal growth. Therefore, expressions to determine the degree of supersaturation are presented, both rigorous expressions based on thermodynamics and less rigorous expressions commonly found in practice. Hoffman JD, Lauritzen JI (1961) Crystallization of bulk polymers with chain folding—theory of growth of lamellar spherulites. J Res Natl Bur Stand A 65(4):297-+. https://doi.org/10.6028/jres.065a.035 Nogales A, Hsiao BS, Somani RH et al (2001) Shear-induced crystallization of isotactic polypropylene with different molecular weight distributions: in situ small- and wide-angle X-ray scattering studies. Polymer 42(12):5247–5256. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0032-3861(00)00919-8 Varga J (1992) Supermolecular structure of isotactic polypropylene. J Mater Sci 27(10):2557–2579. https://doi.org/10.1007/bf00540671

Galeski A, Piorkowska E, Koenczoel L et al (1990) Acoustic-emission during crystallization of polymers. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 28(7):1171–1186. https://doi.org/10.1002/polb.1990.090280714

References

Petermann J, Gohil RM, Schultz JM et al (1982) The kinetics of defect clustering in fibrillar polypropylene crystals. J Polym Sci Part B Polym Phys 20(3):523–534. https://doi.org/10.1002/pol.1982.180200313 Tranchida D, Mileva D, Resconi L et al (2015) Molecular and thermal characterization of a nearly perfect isotactic poly(propylene). Macromol Chem Phys 216(22):2171–2178. https://doi.org/10.1002/macp.201500189 Incorporating all the recent developments and applications of crystallization technology, Crystallization gives clear accounts of the underlying principles, a review of the past and current research themes and guidelines for equipment and process design. This new edition introduces and enlarges upon such subjects as: Somani RH, Yang L, Hsiao BS (2006) Effects of high molecular weight species on shear-induced orientation and crystallization of isotactic polypropylene. Polymer 47(15):5657–5668. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.polymer.2004.12.066